Java/JPA/Cascade Action

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Cascade Type PERSIST

File: JPAUtil.java
import java.io.Reader;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class JPAUtil {
  Statement st;
  
  public JPAUtil() throws Exception{
    Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
    System.out.println("Driver Loaded.");
    String url = "jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial";
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "sa", "");
    System.out.println("Got Connection.");
    st = conn.createStatement();
  }
  public void executeSQLCommand(String sql) throws Exception {
    st.executeUpdate(sql);
  }
  public void checkData(String sql) throws Exception {
    ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
    ResultSetMetaData metadata = rs.getMetaData();
    for (int i = 0; i < metadata.getColumnCount(); i++) {
      System.out.print("\t"+ metadata.getColumnLabel(i + 1)); 
    }
    System.out.println("\n----------------------------------");
    while (rs.next()) {
      for (int i = 0; i < metadata.getColumnCount(); i++) {
        Object value = rs.getObject(i + 1);
        if (value == null) {
          System.out.print("\t       ");
        } else {
          System.out.print("\t"+value.toString().trim());
        }
      }
      System.out.println("");
    }
  }
}

File: Professor.java

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
@Entity
public class Professor {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String name;
    
    @ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.PERSIST)
    Address address;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    
    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address; 
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Professor id: " + getId() + " name: " + getName() +
               " with " + getAddress();
    }
}

File: ProfessorService.java
import java.util.Collection;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.Query;
public class ProfessorService {
  protected EntityManager em;
  public ProfessorService(EntityManager em) {
    this.em = em;
  }
  public Professor createProfessorAndAddress(int id, String name, int addrId, String street,
      String city, String state) {
    Professor emp = new Professor();
    emp.setId(id);
    emp.setName(name);
    Address addr = new Address();
    addr.setId(addrId);
    addr.setStreet(street);
    addr.setCity(city);
    addr.setState(state);
    emp.setAddress(addr);
    em.persist(emp);
    return emp;
  }
  public Collection<Professor> findAllProfessors() {
    Query query = em.createQuery("SELECT e FROM Professor e");
    return (Collection<Professor>) query.getResultList();
  }
}

File: Address.java

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Address {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String street;
    private String city;
    private String state;
    private String zip;
    
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getStreet() {
        return street;
    }
    
    public void setStreet(String address) {
        this.street = address;
    }
    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }
    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }
    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }
    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }
    public String getZip() {
        return zip;
    }
    public void setZip(String zip) {
        this.zip = zip;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Address id: " + getId() + 
               ", street: " + getStreet() +
               ", city: " + getCity() +
               ", state: " + getState() +
               ", zip: " + getZip();
    }
}

File: Main.java
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] a) throws Exception {
    JPAUtil util = new JPAUtil();
    EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("ProfessorService");
    EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
    ProfessorService service = new ProfessorService(em);
    em.getTransaction().begin();
    service.createProfessorAndAddress(1, "name", 1, "street", "city", "state");
    for (Professor emp : service.findAllProfessors()) {
      System.out.print(emp);
    }
    util.checkData("select * from Professor");
    util.checkData("select * from Address");
    
    em.getTransaction().rumit();
    em.close();
    emf.close();
  }
}


File: persistence.xml
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence/persistence" version="1.0">
  <persistence-unit name="JPAService" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <properties>
      <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>
      <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value=""/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial"/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>





Cascade Type REMOVE

File: Main.java
import java.util.Collection;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] a) throws Exception {
    JPAUtil util = new JPAUtil();
    EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("ProfessorService");
    EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
    ProfessorService service = new ProfessorService(em);
    em.getTransaction().begin();
    service.createProfessorAndAddress(1, "name", 1, "street", "city", "state");
    for (Professor emp : service.findAllProfessors()) {
      System.out.print(emp);
    }
    util.checkData("select * from Professor");
    util.checkData("select * from Address");
    
    for(Professor e : service.findAllProfessors()){
      service.removeProfessor(e);
    } 
    em.flush();
    util.checkData("select * from Professor");
    util.checkData("select * from Address");
    
    em.getTransaction().rumit();
    em.close();
    emf.close();
  }
}

File: Address.java

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Address {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String street;
    private String city;
    private String state;
    private String zip;
    
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getStreet() {
        return street;
    }
    
    public void setStreet(String address) {
        this.street = address;
    }
    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }
    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }
    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }
    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }
    public String getZip() {
        return zip;
    }
    public void setZip(String zip) {
        this.zip = zip;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Address id: " + getId() + 
               ", street: " + getStreet() +
               ", city: " + getCity() +
               ", state: " + getState() +
               ", zip: " + getZip();
    }
}

File: JPAUtil.java
import java.io.Reader;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class JPAUtil {
  Statement st;
  
  public JPAUtil() throws Exception{
    Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
    System.out.println("Driver Loaded.");
    String url = "jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial";
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "sa", "");
    System.out.println("Got Connection.");
    st = conn.createStatement();
  }
  public void executeSQLCommand(String sql) throws Exception {
    st.executeUpdate(sql);
  }
  public void checkData(String sql) throws Exception {
    ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
    ResultSetMetaData metadata = rs.getMetaData();
    for (int i = 0; i < metadata.getColumnCount(); i++) {
      System.out.print("\t"+ metadata.getColumnLabel(i + 1)); 
    }
    System.out.println("\n----------------------------------");
    while (rs.next()) {
      for (int i = 0; i < metadata.getColumnCount(); i++) {
        Object value = rs.getObject(i + 1);
        if (value == null) {
          System.out.print("\t       ");
        } else {
          System.out.print("\t"+value.toString().trim());
        }
      }
      System.out.println("");
    }
  }
}

File: Professor.java

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
@Entity
public class Professor {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String name;
    
    @ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.REMOVE})
    Address address;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    
    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address; 
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Professor id: " + getId() + " name: " + getName() +
               " with " + getAddress();
    }
}

File: ProfessorService.java
import java.util.Collection;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.Query;
public class ProfessorService {
  protected EntityManager em;
  public ProfessorService(EntityManager em) {
    this.em = em;
  }
  public Professor createProfessorAndAddress(int id, String name, int addrId, String street,
      String city, String state) {
    Professor emp = new Professor();
    emp.setId(id);
    emp.setName(name);
    Address addr = new Address();
    addr.setId(addrId);
    addr.setStreet(street);
    addr.setCity(city);
    addr.setState(state);
    emp.setAddress(addr);
    em.persist(emp);
    return emp;
  }
  public Professor removeProfessor(Professor emp ) {
    em.remove(emp);
    return emp;
  }
  
  
  public Collection<Professor> findAllProfessors() {
    Query query = em.createQuery("SELECT e FROM Professor e");
    return (Collection<Professor>) query.getResultList();
  }
}


File: persistence.xml
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence/persistence" version="1.0">
  <persistence-unit name="JPAService" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <properties>
      <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>
      <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value=""/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial"/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>





Many To One Cascade Persist

File: Address.java

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Address {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String street;
    private String city;
    private String state;
    private String zip;
    
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getStreet() {
        return street;
    }
    
    public void setStreet(String address) {
        this.street = address;
    }
    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }
    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }
    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }
    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }
    public String getZip() {
        return zip;
    }
    public void setZip(String zip) {
        this.zip = zip;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Address id: " + getId() + 
               ", street: " + getStreet() +
               ", city: " + getCity() +
               ", state: " + getState() +
               ", zip: " + getZip();
    }
}

File: Student.java

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
@Entity
public class Student {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String name;
    
    @ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.PERSIST)
    Address address;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    
    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address; 
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Student id: " + getId() + " name: " + getName() +
               " with " + getAddress();
    }
}

File: Helper.java
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class Helper {
  public static void checkData() throws Exception {
    Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial", "sa", "");
    Statement st = conn.createStatement();
    ResultSet mrs = conn.getMetaData().getTables(null, null, null, new String[] { "TABLE" });
    while (mrs.next()) {
      String tableName = mrs.getString(3);
      System.out.println("\n\n\n\nTable Name: "+ tableName);
      ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from " + tableName);
      ResultSetMetaData metadata = rs.getMetaData();
      while (rs.next()) {
        System.out.println(" Row:");
        for (int i = 0; i < metadata.getColumnCount(); i++) {
          System.out.println("    Column Name: "+ metadata.getColumnLabel(i + 1)+ ",  ");
          System.out.println("    Column Type: "+ metadata.getColumnTypeName(i + 1)+ ":  ");
          Object value = rs.getObject(i + 1);
          System.out.println("    Column Value: "+value+"\n");
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

File: Main.java
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import javax.persistence.Query;
public class Main {
  static EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPAService");
  static EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
  public static void main(String[] a) throws Exception {
    em.getTransaction().begin();
    
    
    Student emp = new Student();
    emp.setId(1);
    emp.setName("name");
    Address addr = new Address();
    addr.setId(1);
    addr.setStreet("street");
    addr.setCity("city");
    addr.setState("state");
    emp.setAddress(addr);
    em.persist(emp);


    Query query = em.createQuery("SELECT e FROM Student e");
    List<Student> list = (List<Student>) query.getResultList();
    System.out.println(list);
    
    query = em.createQuery("SELECT d FROM Address d");
    List<Address> dList = (List<Address>) query.getResultList();
    System.out.println(dList);
    
    em.getTransaction().rumit();
    em.close();
    emf.close();
    
    Helper.checkData();
  }
}


File: persistence.xml
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence/persistence" version="1.0">
  <persistence-unit name="JPAService" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <properties>
      <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>
      <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value=""/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial"/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>





Many To One Cascade Remove

File: Student.java

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
@Entity
public class Student {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String name;
    
    @ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.REMOVE)
    Address address;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    
    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address; 
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Student id: " + getId() + " name: " + getName() +
               " with " + getAddress();
    }
}

File: Address.java

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Address {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String street;
    private String city;
    private String state;
    private String zip;
    
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getStreet() {
        return street;
    }
    
    public void setStreet(String address) {
        this.street = address;
    }
    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }
    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }
    public String getState() {
        return state;
    }
    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }
    public String getZip() {
        return zip;
    }
    public void setZip(String zip) {
        this.zip = zip;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Address id: " + getId() + 
               ", street: " + getStreet() +
               ", city: " + getCity() +
               ", state: " + getState() +
               ", zip: " + getZip();
    }
}

File: Helper.java
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class Helper {
  public static void checkData() throws Exception {
    Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial", "sa", "");
    Statement st = conn.createStatement();
    ResultSet mrs = conn.getMetaData().getTables(null, null, null, new String[] { "TABLE" });
    while (mrs.next()) {
      String tableName = mrs.getString(3);
      System.out.println("\n\n\n\nTable Name: "+ tableName);
      ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from " + tableName);
      ResultSetMetaData metadata = rs.getMetaData();
      while (rs.next()) {
        System.out.println(" Row:");
        for (int i = 0; i < metadata.getColumnCount(); i++) {
          System.out.println("    Column Name: "+ metadata.getColumnLabel(i + 1)+ ",  ");
          System.out.println("    Column Type: "+ metadata.getColumnTypeName(i + 1)+ ":  ");
          Object value = rs.getObject(i + 1);
          System.out.println("    Column Value: "+value+"\n");
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

File: Main.java
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import javax.persistence.Query;
public class Main {
  static EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPAService");
  static EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
  public static void main(String[] a) throws Exception {
    em.getTransaction().begin();
    
    
    Student emp = new Student();
    emp.setId(1);
    emp.setName("name");
    Address addr = new Address();
    addr.setId(1);
    addr.setStreet("street");
    addr.setCity("city");
    addr.setState("state");
    em.persist(addr);
    emp.setAddress(addr);
    em.persist(emp);
    em.remove(emp);

    Query query = em.createQuery("SELECT e FROM Student e");
    List<Student> list = (List<Student>) query.getResultList();
    System.out.println(list);
    
    query = em.createQuery("SELECT d FROM Address d");
    List<Address> dList = (List<Address>) query.getResultList();
    System.out.println(dList);
    
    em.getTransaction().rumit();
    em.close();
    emf.close();
    
    Helper.checkData();
  }
}


File: persistence.xml
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence/persistence" version="1.0">
  <persistence-unit name="JPAService" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <properties>
      <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>
      <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value=""/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial"/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>





Many To One Mapping Cascade Merge

File: Student.java
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
@Entity
public class Student {
  @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
  private int id;
  private String name;
  @ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.MERGE)//You have to persist department on your own
  private Department department;
  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  public Department getDepartment() {
    return department;
  }
  public void setDepartment(Department department) {
    this.department = department;
  }
  public String toString() {
    return "\n\nID:" + id + "\nName:" + name + "\n\n" + department;
  }
}

File: Department.java

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Department {
    @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private int id;
    private String name;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String deptName) {
        this.name = deptName;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Department id: " + getId() + 
               ", name: " + getName();
    }
}

File: Helper.java
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class Helper {
  public static void checkData() throws Exception {
    Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial", "sa", "");
    Statement st = conn.createStatement();
    ResultSet mrs = conn.getMetaData().getTables(null, null, null, new String[] { "TABLE" });
    while (mrs.next()) {
      String tableName = mrs.getString(3);
      System.out.println("\n\n\n\nTable Name: "+ tableName);
      ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from " + tableName);
      ResultSetMetaData metadata = rs.getMetaData();
      while (rs.next()) {
        System.out.println(" Row:");
        for (int i = 0; i < metadata.getColumnCount(); i++) {
          System.out.println("    Column Name: "+ metadata.getColumnLabel(i + 1)+ ",  ");
          System.out.println("    Column Type: "+ metadata.getColumnTypeName(i + 1)+ ":  ");
          Object value = rs.getObject(i + 1);
          System.out.println("    Column Value: "+value+"\n");
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

File: Main.java
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import javax.persistence.Query;
public class Main {
  static EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPAService");
  static EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
  public static void main(String[] a) throws Exception {
    em.getTransaction().begin();
    
    
    Student student = new Student();
    student.setName("Joe");
    em.persist(student);
    
    
    Department dept = new Department();
    dept.setName("dept name");
    student.setDepartment(dept);
    
    
    em.flush();
    

    
    
    
    Query query = em.createQuery("SELECT e FROM Student e");
    List<Student> list = (List<Student>) query.getResultList();
    System.out.println(list);
    
    query = em.createQuery("SELECT d FROM Department d");
    List<Department> dList = (List<Department>) query.getResultList();
    System.out.println(dList);
    
    em.getTransaction().rumit();
    em.close();
    emf.close();
    
    Helper.checkData();
  }
}



File: persistence.xml
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence/persistence" version="1.0">
  <persistence-unit name="JPAService" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <properties>
      <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>
      <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value=""/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial"/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>





Many To One Mapping Cascade Type REFRESH

File: Professor.java
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
@Entity 
public class Professor {
    @Id private int id;
    private String name;
    private long salary;
    private int vacationDays;
    
    @ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.REFRESH})
    private Professor manager;
    
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public long getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }
    
    public void setSalary(long salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    
    public int getVacationDays() {
        return vacationDays;
    }
    public void setVacationDays(int vacation) {
        this.vacationDays = vacation;
    }
    
    public Professor getManager() {
        return manager;
    }
    
    public void setManager(Professor manager) {
        this.manager = manager;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "Professor id: " + getId() + " name: " + getName() +
               " vacation: " + getVacationDays() + " salary: " + getSalary();
    }
}

File: ProfessorService.java
import java.util.Collection;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.Query;
public class ProfessorService {
  protected EntityManager em;
  public ProfessorService(EntityManager em) {
    this.em = em;
  }
  private Professor emp;
  private long loadTime;
  long REFRESH_THRESHOLD = 3000;
  
  public void createProfessor(Professor employee){
    em.persist(employee);
  }
  
  
  public void loadProfessor(int id) {
    emp = em.find(Professor.class, id);
    if (emp == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown employee id: " + id);
    loadTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
  }
  public Professor getProfessor() {
    return emp;
  }
  public void deductProfessorVacation(int days) {
    refreshProfessorIfNeeded();
    emp.setVacationDays(emp.getVacationDays() - days);
  }
  public void adjustProfessorSalary(long salary) {
    refreshProfessorIfNeeded();
    emp.setSalary(salary);
  }
  private void refreshProfessorIfNeeded() {
    if ((System.currentTimeMillis() - loadTime) > REFRESH_THRESHOLD) {
      em.refresh(emp);
      loadTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }
  }
  public Collection<Professor> findAllProfessors() {
    Query query = em.createQuery("SELECT e FROM Professor e");
    return (Collection<Professor>) query.getResultList();
  }
}

File: JPAUtil.java
import java.io.Reader;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class JPAUtil {
  Statement st;
  
  public JPAUtil() throws Exception{
    Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
    System.out.println("Driver Loaded.");
    String url = "jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial";
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "sa", "");
    System.out.println("Got Connection.");
    st = conn.createStatement();
  }
  public void executeSQLCommand(String sql) throws Exception {
    st.executeUpdate(sql);
  }
  public void checkData(String sql) throws Exception {
    ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
    ResultSetMetaData metadata = rs.getMetaData();
    for (int i = 0; i < metadata.getColumnCount(); i++) {
      System.out.print("\t"+ metadata.getColumnLabel(i + 1)); 
    }
    System.out.println("\n----------------------------------");
    while (rs.next()) {
      for (int i = 0; i < metadata.getColumnCount(); i++) {
        Object value = rs.getObject(i + 1);
        if (value == null) {
          System.out.print("\t       ");
        } else {
          System.out.print("\t"+value.toString().trim());
        }
      }
      System.out.println("");
    }
  }
}

File: Main.java
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
public class Main {
  public static void main(String[] a) throws Exception {
    JPAUtil util = new JPAUtil();
    EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("ProfessorService");
    EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
    ProfessorService service = new ProfessorService(em);
    em.getTransaction().begin();

    util.checkData("select * from CONTRACT_EMP");
    em.getTransaction().rumit();
    em.close();
    emf.close();
  }
}



File: persistence.xml
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence/persistence" version="1.0">
  <persistence-unit name="JPAService" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <properties>
      <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>
      <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value=""/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial"/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>





Use Cascade.All to save linked entities automatically

File: Address.java
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Address {
  @Id
  private int id;
  private String street;
  private String city;
  private String state;
  private String zip;
  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public String getStreet() {
    return street;
  }
  public void setStreet(String address) {
    this.street = address;
  }
  public String getCity() {
    return city;
  }
  public void setCity(String city) {
    this.city = city;
  }
  public String getState() {
    return state;
  }
  public void setState(String state) {
    this.state = state;
  }
  public String getZip() {
    return zip;
  }
  public void setZip(String zip) {
    this.zip = zip;
  }
  public String toString() {
    return "Address id: " + getId() + ", street: " + getStreet() + ", city: " + getCity()
        + ", state: " + getState() + ", zip: " + getZip();
  }
}

File: Student.java
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;
@Entity
public class Student {
  @Id
  private int id;
  private String name;
  @OneToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
  private Address address;
  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public Address getAddress() {
    return address;
  }
  public void setAddress(Address address) {
    this.address = address;
  }
  public String toString() {
    return "\n\nID:" + id + "\nName:" + name + "\n\n";
  }
}

File: Helper.java
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class Helper {
  public static void checkData() throws Exception {
    Class.forName("org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial", "sa", "");
    Statement st = conn.createStatement();
    ResultSet mrs = conn.getMetaData().getTables(null, null, null, new String[] { "TABLE" });
    while (mrs.next()) {
      String tableName = mrs.getString(3);
      System.out.println("\n\n\n\nTable Name: "+ tableName);
      ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery("select * from " + tableName);
      ResultSetMetaData metadata = rs.getMetaData();
      while (rs.next()) {
        System.out.println(" Row:");
        for (int i = 0; i < metadata.getColumnCount(); i++) {
          System.out.println("    Column Name: "+ metadata.getColumnLabel(i + 1)+ ",  ");
          System.out.println("    Column Type: "+ metadata.getColumnTypeName(i + 1)+ ":  ");
          Object value = rs.getObject(i + 1);
          System.out.println("    Column Value: "+value+"\n");
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

File: Main.java
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import javax.persistence.Query;
public class Main {
  static EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("JPAService");
  static EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
  public static void main(String[] a) throws Exception {
    em.getTransaction().begin();
    
    
    Student student = new Student();
    student.setName("Joe");
    Address address = new Address();
    address.setCity("city");
  //  em.persist(address);
    
    student.setAddress(address);
      
    em.persist(student);
    em.flush();
    em.getTransaction().rumit();
    
    
    
    Query query = em.createQuery("SELECT e FROM Student e");
    List<Student> list = (List<Student>) query.getResultList();
    System.out.println(list.get(0).getAddress());
    
    
    em.close();
    emf.close();
    
    Helper.checkData();
  }
}

File: persistence.xml
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.ru/xml/ns/persistence/persistence" version="1.0">
  <persistence-unit name="JPAService" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <properties>
      <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>
      <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa"/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value=""/>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:data/tutorial"/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>


Источник — «http://jexp.ru/index.php?title=Java/JPA/Cascade_Action&oldid=9009»