Java/3D/Sound 3D
Содержание
3D Sound Demo
ExSound - illustrate the use of sounds
<source lang="java">
// //CLASS //ExSound - illustrate the use of sounds // //LESSON //Add a PointSound and a BackgroundSound to an environment. // //AUTHOR //David R. Nadeau / San Diego Supercomputer Center // import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.AWTEvent; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.CheckboxMenuItem; import java.awt.ruponent; import java.awt.Cursor; import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.Menu; import java.awt.MenuBar; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.InputEvent; import java.awt.event.ItemEvent; import java.awt.event.ItemListener; import java.awt.event.MouseEvent; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; import java.awt.event.WindowListener; import java.io.File; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.EventListener; import javax.media.j3d.Alpha; import javax.media.j3d.AmbientLight; import javax.media.j3d.Appearance; import javax.media.j3d.BackgroundSound; import javax.media.j3d.Behavior; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.DirectionalLight; import javax.media.j3d.GeometryArray; import javax.media.j3d.Group; import javax.media.j3d.ImageComponent; import javax.media.j3d.IndexedQuadArray; import javax.media.j3d.IndexedTriangleStripArray; import javax.media.j3d.Light; import javax.media.j3d.Material; import javax.media.j3d.MediaContainer; import javax.media.j3d.PointLight; import javax.media.j3d.PointSound; import javax.media.j3d.RotationInterpolator; import javax.media.j3d.Shape3D; import javax.media.j3d.Sound; import javax.media.j3d.Texture; import javax.media.j3d.TextureAttributes; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.WakeupCriterion; import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOnAWTEvent; import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOnElapsedFrames; import javax.media.j3d.WakeupOr; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Matrix4d; import javax.vecmath.Point2f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Point3f; import javax.vecmath.Vector3d; import javax.vecmath.Vector3f; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Primitive; import com.sun.j3d.utils.image.TextureLoader; import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.PlatformGeometry; import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.SimpleUniverse; import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.Viewer; import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.ViewingPlatform; public class ExSound extends Java3DFrame {
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// SCENE CONTENT
//--------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Nodes (updated via menu)
//
private BackgroundSound backgroundSound = null;
private PointSound pointSound = null;
private float soundHeight = 1.6f;
private float pointX = 0.0f;
private AmbientLight ambientLight = null;
private PointLight pointLight = null;
//
// Build scene
//
public Group buildScene() {
// Get the initial sound volume
float vol = ((Float) volumes[currentVolume].value).floatValue();
// Turn off the example headlight
setHeadlightEnable(false);
// Default to walk navigation
setNavigationType(Walk);
// Build the scene group
Group scene = new Group();
//
// Preload the sounds
//
if (debug)
System.err.println(" sounds...");
String path = getCurrentDirectory();
MediaContainer backgroundMedia = new MediaContainer(path + "canon.wav");
backgroundMedia.setCacheEnable(true);
MediaContainer pointMedia = new MediaContainer(path + "willow1.wav");
pointMedia.setCacheEnable(true);
// BEGIN EXAMPLE TOPIC
// Create influencing bounds
BoundingSphere worldBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0,
0.0), // Center
1000.0); // Extent
// Background sound
backgroundSound = new BackgroundSound();
backgroundSound.setEnable(backgroundSoundOnOff);
backgroundSound.setLoop(Sound.INFINITE_LOOPS);
backgroundSound.setSoundData(backgroundMedia);
backgroundSound.setInitialGain(vol);
backgroundSound.setSchedulingBounds(worldBounds);
backgroundSound.setCapability(Sound.ALLOW_ENABLE_WRITE);
backgroundSound.setCapability(Sound.ALLOW_INITIAL_GAIN_WRITE);
scene.addChild(backgroundSound);
// Create a distance gain array for the point sound
Point2f[] distanceGain = { new Point2f(9.0f, 1.0f), // Full volume
new Point2f(10.0f, 0.5f), // Half volume
new Point2f(20.0f, 0.25f), // Quarter volume
new Point2f(30.0f, 0.0f), // Zero volume
};
// Point sound
pointSound = new PointSound();
pointSound.setEnable(pointSoundOnOff);
pointSound.setPosition(new Point3f(pointX, soundHeight, 0.0f));
pointSound.setLoop(Sound.INFINITE_LOOPS);
pointSound.setSoundData(pointMedia);
pointSound.setInitialGain(vol);
pointSound.setDistanceGain(distanceGain);
pointSound.setSchedulingBounds(worldBounds);
pointSound.setCapability(Sound.ALLOW_ENABLE_WRITE);
pointSound.setCapability(Sound.ALLOW_INITIAL_GAIN_WRITE);
scene.addChild(pointSound);
// END EXAMPLE TOPIC
// Build a few lights, one per sound. We"ll turn them
// on when the associated sound is on.
ambientLight = new AmbientLight();
ambientLight.setEnable(backgroundSoundOnOff);
ambientLight.setColor(Gray);
ambientLight.setInfluencingBounds(worldBounds);
ambientLight.setCapability(Light.ALLOW_STATE_WRITE);
scene.addChild(ambientLight);
pointLight = new PointLight();
pointLight.setEnable(pointSoundOnOff);
pointLight.setColor(White);
pointLight.setPosition(0.0f, soundHeight, 0.0f);
pointLight.setInfluencingBounds(worldBounds);
pointLight.setCapability(Light.ALLOW_STATE_WRITE);
scene.addChild(pointLight);
// Add a basic ambient light for when all sounds (and
// their lights) are off so that the world isn"t dark
AmbientLight amb = new AmbientLight();
amb.setEnable(true);
amb.setColor(Gray);
amb.setInfluencingBounds(worldBounds);
amb.setCapability(Light.ALLOW_STATE_WRITE);
scene.addChild(amb);
// Build foreground geometry
scene.addChild(buildForeground());
return scene;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// FOREGROUND CONTENT
//--------------------------------------------------------------
private Group buildForeground() {
//
// Create a group for the foreground, and move
// everything up a bit.
//
TransformGroup group = new TransformGroup();
Transform3D tr = new Transform3D();
tr.setTranslation(new Vector3f(0.0f, -1.6f, 0.0f));
group.setTransform(tr);
//
// Load textures
//
if (debug)
System.err.println(" textures...");
Texture groundTex = null;
Texture spurTex = null;
Texture domeTex = null;
TextureLoader texLoader = null;
ImageComponent image = null;
texLoader = new TextureLoader("flooring.jpg", this);
image = texLoader.getImage();
if (image == null)
System.err.println("Cannot load flooring.jpg texture");
else {
groundTex = texLoader.getTexture();
groundTex.setBoundaryModeS(Texture.WRAP);
groundTex.setBoundaryModeT(Texture.WRAP);
groundTex.setMinFilter(Texture.NICEST);
groundTex.setMagFilter(Texture.NICEST);
groundTex.setMipMapMode(Texture.BASE_LEVEL);
groundTex.setEnable(true);
}
texLoader = new TextureLoader("granite07rev.jpg", this);
Texture columnTex = texLoader.getTexture();
if (columnTex == null)
System.err.println("Cannot load granite07rev.jpg texture");
else {
columnTex.setBoundaryModeS(Texture.WRAP);
columnTex.setBoundaryModeT(Texture.WRAP);
columnTex.setMinFilter(Texture.NICEST);
columnTex.setMagFilter(Texture.NICEST);
columnTex.setMipMapMode(Texture.BASE_LEVEL);
columnTex.setEnable(true);
}
texLoader = new TextureLoader("brtsky.jpg", this);
Texture boxTex = texLoader.getTexture();
if (boxTex == null)
System.err.println("Cannot load brtsky.jpg texture");
else {
boxTex.setBoundaryModeS(Texture.WRAP);
boxTex.setBoundaryModeT(Texture.WRAP);
boxTex.setMinFilter(Texture.NICEST);
boxTex.setMagFilter(Texture.NICEST);
boxTex.setMipMapMode(Texture.BASE_LEVEL);
boxTex.setEnable(true);
}
//
// Build the ground
//
if (debug)
System.err.println(" ground...");
Appearance groundApp = new Appearance();
Material groundMat = new Material();
groundMat.setAmbientColor(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f);
groundMat.setDiffuseColor(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f);
groundMat.setSpecularColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
groundApp.setMaterial(groundMat);
tr = new Transform3D();
tr.setScale(new Vector3d(16.0, 4.0, 1.0));
TextureAttributes groundTexAtt = new TextureAttributes();
groundTexAtt.setTextureMode(TextureAttributes.MODULATE);
groundTexAtt.setPerspectiveCorrectionMode(TextureAttributes.NICEST);
groundTexAtt.setTextureTransform(tr);
groundApp.setTextureAttributes(groundTexAtt);
if (groundTex != null)
groundApp.setTexture(groundTex);
ElevationGrid ground = new ElevationGrid(11, // X dimension
11, // Z dimension
2.0f, // X spacing
2.0f, // Z spacing
// Automatically use zero heights
groundApp); // Appearance
group.addChild(ground);
//
// Create a column appearance used for both columns.
//
Appearance columnApp = new Appearance();
Material columnMat = new Material();
columnMat.setAmbientColor(0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f);
columnMat.setDiffuseColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
columnMat.setSpecularColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
columnApp.setMaterial(columnMat);
TextureAttributes columnTexAtt = new TextureAttributes();
columnTexAtt.setTextureMode(TextureAttributes.MODULATE);
columnTexAtt.setPerspectiveCorrectionMode(TextureAttributes.NICEST);
columnApp.setTextureAttributes(columnTexAtt);
if (columnTex != null)
columnApp.setTexture(columnTex);
//
// To give the point sound an apparent location,
// build a column and a set of three co-located
// tumbling boxes hovering above the column.
//
TransformGroup pointGroup = new TransformGroup();
tr.setIdentity();
tr.setTranslation(new Vector3f(pointX, 0.0f, 0.0f));
pointGroup.setTransform(tr);
GothicColumn column = new GothicColumn(1.0f, // height
0.2f, // radius
GothicColumn.BUILD_TOP, // flags
columnApp); // appearance
pointGroup.addChild(column);
TransformGroup rotThing = new TransformGroup();
tr.setIdentity();
tr.setTranslation(new Vector3f(0.0f, soundHeight, 0.0f));
rotThing.setTransform(tr);
Appearance boxApp = new Appearance();
// No material -- make it emissive
TextureAttributes boxTexAtt = new TextureAttributes();
boxTexAtt.setTextureMode(TextureAttributes.REPLACE);
boxTexAtt.setPerspectiveCorrectionMode(TextureAttributes.NICEST);
boxApp.setTextureAttributes(boxTexAtt);
if (boxTex != null)
boxApp.setTexture(boxTex);
rotThing.addChild(buildTumblingBox(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, // width, height,
// depth
boxApp, // Appearance
40000, 32000, 26000));// XYZ tumble durations
rotThing.addChild(buildTumblingBox(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, // width, height,
// depth
boxApp, // Appearance
38000, 30000, 28000));// XYZ tumble durations
rotThing.addChild(buildTumblingBox(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, // width, height,
// depth
boxApp, // Appearance
30000, 26000, 34000));// XYZ tumble durations
pointGroup.addChild(rotThing);
group.addChild(pointGroup);
return group;
}
private int[] coordinateIndices = { 0, 1, 5, 4, // front
1, 2, 6, 5, // right
2, 3, 7, 6, // back
3, 0, 4, 7, // left
4, 5, 6, 7, // top
3, 2, 1, 0, // bottom
};
private float[] textureCoordinates = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, };
private int[] textureCoordinateIndices = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2,
3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, };
private float[] normals = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // front
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // right
0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, // back
-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // left
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // top
0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom
};
private int[] normalIndices = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3,
3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, };
private Shape3D buildBox(float width, float height, float depth,
Appearance app) {
float w2 = width / 2.0f;
float h2 = height / 2.0f;
float d2 = depth / 2.0f;
float[] coordinates = new float[8 * 3];
int n = 0;
// Around the bottom of the box
coordinates[n + 0] = -w2;
coordinates[n + 1] = -h2;
coordinates[n + 2] = d2;
n += 3;
coordinates[n + 0] = w2;
coordinates[n + 1] = -h2;
coordinates[n + 2] = d2;
n += 3;
coordinates[n + 0] = w2;
coordinates[n + 1] = -h2;
coordinates[n + 2] = -d2;
n += 3;
coordinates[n + 0] = -w2;
coordinates[n + 1] = -h2;
coordinates[n + 2] = -d2;
n += 3;
// Around the top of the box
coordinates[n + 0] = -w2;
coordinates[n + 1] = h2;
coordinates[n + 2] = d2;
n += 3;
coordinates[n + 0] = w2;
coordinates[n + 1] = h2;
coordinates[n + 2] = d2;
n += 3;
coordinates[n + 0] = w2;
coordinates[n + 1] = h2;
coordinates[n + 2] = -d2;
n += 3;
coordinates[n + 0] = -w2;
coordinates[n + 1] = h2;
coordinates[n + 2] = -d2;
n += 3;
IndexedQuadArray quads = new IndexedQuadArray(coordinates.length, // vertex
// count
GeometryArray.COORDINATES | GeometryArray.NORMALS
| GeometryArray.TEXTURE_COORDINATE_2,
coordinateIndices.length);
quads.setCoordinates(0, coordinates);
quads.setCoordinateIndices(0, coordinateIndices);
quads.setNormals(0, normals);
quads.setNormalIndices(0, normalIndices);
quads.setTextureCoordinates(0, textureCoordinates);
quads.setTextureCoordinateIndices(0, textureCoordinateIndices);
Shape3D shape = new Shape3D(quads, app);
return shape;
}
private Group buildTumblingBox(float width, float height, float depth,
Appearance app, int xDur, int yDur, int zDur) {
BoundingSphere worldBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0,
0.0), // Center
1000.0); // Extent
// Build a box to tumble
Shape3D box = buildBox(width, height, depth, app);
// Build a set of nested transform groups. Attach
// to each one a behavior that rotates around an X,
// Y, or Z axis. Use different rotation speeds for
// each axis to create a tumbling effect.
TransformGroup outerGroup = new TransformGroup();
outerGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D();
Alpha alpha = new Alpha(-1, // loop count: -1 = forever
Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, // increasing
0, // trigger time: 0 = now
0, // delay: 0 = none
xDur, // increasing duration
0, // increasing ramp duration
0, // at one (sustain) duration
0, // decreasing duration
0, // decreasing ramp duration
0); // at zero duration
RotationInterpolator rot = new RotationInterpolator(alpha, // Alpha
// control
outerGroup, // Target transform group
yAxis, // Y axis rotation
0.0f, // Minimum angle
2.0f * (float) Math.PI);// Maximum angle
rot.setSchedulingBounds(worldBounds);
outerGroup.addChild(rot);
TransformGroup middleGroup = new TransformGroup();
middleGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
Transform3D xAxis = new Transform3D();
xAxis.rotZ(-1.571f);
alpha = new Alpha(-1, // loop count: -1 = forever
Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, // increasing
0, // trigger time: 0 = now
0, // delay: 0 = none
yDur, // increasing duration
0, // increasing ramp duration
0, // at one (sustain) duration
0, // decreasing duration
0, // decreasing ramp duration
0); // at zero duration
rot = new RotationInterpolator(alpha, // Alpha control
middleGroup, // Target transform group
xAxis, // Y axis rotation
0.0f, // Minimum angle
2.0f * (float) Math.PI);// Maximum angle
rot.setSchedulingBounds(worldBounds);
middleGroup.addChild(rot);
outerGroup.addChild(middleGroup);
TransformGroup innerGroup = new TransformGroup();
innerGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
Transform3D zAxis = new Transform3D();
zAxis.rotX(1.571f);
alpha = new Alpha(-1, // loop count: -1 = forever
Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, // increasing
0, // trigger time: 0 = now
0, // delay: 0 = none
zDur, // increasing duration
0, // increasing ramp duration
0, // at one (sustain) duration
0, // decreasing duration
0, // decreasing ramp duration
0); // at zero duration
rot = new RotationInterpolator(alpha, // Alpha control
innerGroup, // Target transform group
zAxis, // Y axis rotation
0.0f, // Minimum angle
2.0f * (float) Math.PI);// Maximum angle
rot.setSchedulingBounds(worldBounds);
innerGroup.addChild(rot);
middleGroup.addChild(innerGroup);
innerGroup.addChild(box);
return outerGroup;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// USER INTERFACE
//--------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Main
//
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExSound ex = new ExSound();
ex.initialize(args);
ex.buildUniverse();
ex.showFrame();
}
// On/off choices
private boolean backgroundSoundOnOff = false;
private CheckboxMenuItem backgroundSoundOnOffMenu = null;
private boolean pointSoundOnOff = false;
private CheckboxMenuItem pointSoundOnOffMenu = null;
// Volume menu choices
private NameValue[] volumes = { new NameValue("Silent", new Float(0.0f)),
new NameValue("Low volume", new Float(0.5f)),
new NameValue("Medium volume", new Float(1.0f)),
new NameValue("High volume", new Float(2.0f)), };
private int currentVolume = 2;
private CheckboxMenu volumeMenu = null;
//
// Initialize the GUI (application and applet)
//
public void initialize(String[] args) {
// Initialize the window, menubar, etc.
super.initialize(args);
exampleFrame.setTitle("Java 3D Sound Example");
//
// Add a menubar menu to change node parameters
// Background sound on/off
// Point sound on/off
//
Menu m = new Menu("Sounds");
backgroundSoundOnOffMenu = new CheckboxMenuItem(
"Background sound on/off", backgroundSoundOnOff);
backgroundSoundOnOffMenu.addItemListener(this);
m.add(backgroundSoundOnOffMenu);
pointSoundOnOffMenu = new CheckboxMenuItem("Point sound on/off",
pointSoundOnOff);
pointSoundOnOffMenu.addItemListener(this);
m.add(pointSoundOnOffMenu);
volumeMenu = new CheckboxMenu("Volume", volumes, currentVolume, this);
m.add(volumeMenu);
exampleMenuBar.add(m);
}
//
// Handle checkboxes and menu choices
//
public void checkboxChanged(CheckboxMenu menu, int check) {
if (menu == volumeMenu) {
// Change the sound volumes
currentVolume = check;
float vol = ((Float) volumes[check].value).floatValue();
backgroundSound.setInitialGain(vol);
pointSound.setInitialGain(vol);
return;
}
// Handle all other checkboxes
super.checkboxChanged(menu, check);
}
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent event) {
Object src = event.getSource();
if (src == backgroundSoundOnOffMenu) {
// Turn the background sound on or off
backgroundSoundOnOff = backgroundSoundOnOffMenu.getState();
backgroundSound.setEnable(backgroundSoundOnOff);
ambientLight.setEnable(backgroundSoundOnOff);
return;
}
if (src == pointSoundOnOffMenu) {
// Turn the point sound on or off
pointSoundOnOff = pointSoundOnOffMenu.getState();
pointSound.setEnable(pointSoundOnOff);
pointLight.setEnable(pointSoundOnOff);
return;
}
// Handle all other checkboxes
super.itemStateChanged(event);
}
} // //CLASS //ElevationGrid - a 3D terrain grid built from a list of heights // //DESCRIPTION //This class creates a 3D terrain on a grid whose X and Z dimensions, //and row/column spacing are parameters, along with a list of heights //(elevations), one per grid row/column pair. // class ElevationGrid extends Primitive {
// Parameters
protected int xDimension = 0, zDimension = 0;
protected double xSpacing = 0.0, zSpacing = 0.0;
protected double[] heights = null;
// 3D nodes
private Appearance mainAppearance = null;
private Shape3D shape = null;
private IndexedTriangleStripArray tristrip = null;
//
// Construct an elevation grid
//
public ElevationGrid() {
xDimension = 2;
zDimension = 2;
xSpacing = 1.0;
zSpacing = 1.0;
mainAppearance = null;
zeroHeights();
rebuild();
}
public ElevationGrid(int xDim, int zDim) {
xDimension = xDim;
zDimension = zDim;
xSpacing = 1.0;
zSpacing = 1.0;
mainAppearance = null;
zeroHeights();
rebuild();
}
public ElevationGrid(int xDim, int zDim, Appearance app) {
xDimension = xDim;
zDimension = zDim;
xSpacing = 1.0;
zSpacing = 1.0;
mainAppearance = app;
zeroHeights();
rebuild();
}
public ElevationGrid(int xDim, int zDim, double xSpace, double zSpace) {
xDimension = xDim;
zDimension = zDim;
xSpacing = xSpace;
zSpacing = zSpace;
mainAppearance = null;
zeroHeights();
rebuild();
}
public ElevationGrid(int xDim, int zDim, double xSpace, double zSpace,
Appearance app) {
xDimension = xDim;
zDimension = zDim;
xSpacing = xSpace;
zSpacing = zSpace;
mainAppearance = app;
zeroHeights();
rebuild();
}
public ElevationGrid(int xDim, int zDim, double[] h) {
this(xDim, zDim, 1.0, 1.0, h, null);
}
public ElevationGrid(int xDim, int zDim, double[] h, Appearance app) {
this(xDim, zDim, 1.0, 1.0, h, app);
}
public ElevationGrid(int xDim, int zDim, double xSpace, double zSpace,
double[] h) {
this(xDim, zDim, xSpace, zSpace, h, null);
}
public ElevationGrid(int xDim, int zDim, double xSpace, double zSpace,
double[] h, Appearance app) {
xDimension = xDim;
zDimension = zDim;
xSpacing = xSpace;
zSpacing = zSpace;
mainAppearance = app;
if (h == null)
zeroHeights();
else {
heights = new double[h.length];
for (int i = 0; i < h.length; i++)
heights[i] = h[i];
}
rebuild();
}
private void zeroHeights() {
int n = xDimension * zDimension;
heights = new double[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
heights[i] = 0.0;
}
private void rebuild() {
// Build a shape
if (shape == null) {
shape = new Shape3D();
shape.setCapability(Shape3D.ALLOW_APPEARANCE_WRITE);
shape.setCapability(Shape3D.ALLOW_GEOMETRY_WRITE);
shape.setAppearance(mainAppearance);
addChild(shape);
} else {
shape.setAppearance(mainAppearance);
}
if (xDimension < 2 || zDimension < 2 || heights == null
|| heights.length < 4) {
tristrip = null;
shape.setGeometry(null);
return;
}
// Create a list of coordinates, one per grid row/column
double[] coordinates = new double[xDimension * zDimension * 3];
double x, z;
int n = 0, k = 0;
z = ((double) (zDimension - 1)) * zSpacing / 2.0; // start at front edge
for (int i = 0; i < zDimension; i++) {
x = -((double) (xDimension - 1)) * xSpacing / 2.0;// start at left
// edge
for (int j = 0; j < xDimension; j++) {
coordinates[n++] = x;
coordinates[n++] = heights[k++];
coordinates[n++] = z;
x += xSpacing;
}
z -= zSpacing;
}
// Create a list of normals, one per grid row/column
float[] normals = new float[xDimension * zDimension * 3];
Vector3f one = new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Vector3f two = new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Vector3f norm = new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
n = 0;
k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < zDimension - 1; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < xDimension - 1; j++) {
// Vector to right in X
one.set((float) xSpacing,
(float) (heights[k + 1] - heights[k]), 0.0f);
// Vector back in Z
two.set(0.0f, (float) (heights[k + xDimension] - heights[k]),
(float) -zSpacing);
// Cross them to get the normal
norm.cross(one, two);
normals[n++] = norm.x;
normals[n++] = norm.y;
normals[n++] = norm.z;
k++;
}
// Last normal in row is a copy of the previous one
normals[n] = normals[n - 3]; // X
normals[n + 1] = normals[n - 2]; // Y
normals[n + 2] = normals[n - 1]; // Z
n += 3;
k++;
}
// Last row of normals is a copy of the previous row
for (int j = 0; j < xDimension; j++) {
normals[n] = normals[n - xDimension * 3]; // X
normals[n + 1] = normals[n - xDimension * 3 + 1]; // Y
normals[n + 2] = normals[n - xDimension * 3 + 2]; // Z
n += 3;
}
// Create a list of texture coordinates, one per grid row/column
float[] texcoordinates = new float[xDimension * zDimension * 2];
float deltaS = 1.0f / (float) (xDimension - 1);
float deltaT = 1.0f / (float) (zDimension - 1);
float s = 0.0f;
float t = 0.0f;
n = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < zDimension; i++) {
s = 0.0f;
for (int j = 0; j < xDimension; j++) {
texcoordinates[n++] = s;
texcoordinates[n++] = t;
s += deltaS;
}
t += deltaT;
}
// Create a list of triangle strip indexes. Each strip goes
// down one row (X direction) of the elevation grid.
int[] indexes = new int[xDimension * (zDimension - 1) * 2];
int[] stripCounts = new int[zDimension - 1];
n = 0;
k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < zDimension - 1; i++) {
stripCounts[i] = xDimension * 2;
for (int j = 0; j < xDimension; j++) {
indexes[n++] = k + xDimension;
indexes[n++] = k;
k++;
}
}
// Create geometry for collection of triangle strips, one
// strip per row of the elevation grid
tristrip = new IndexedTriangleStripArray(coordinates.length,
GeometryArray.COORDINATES | GeometryArray.NORMALS
| GeometryArray.TEXTURE_COORDINATE_2, indexes.length,
stripCounts);
tristrip.setCoordinates(0, coordinates);
tristrip.setNormals(0, normals);
tristrip.setTextureCoordinates(0, texcoordinates);
tristrip.setCoordinateIndices(0, indexes);
tristrip.setNormalIndices(0, indexes);
tristrip.setTextureCoordinateIndices(0, indexes);
// Set the geometry for the shape
shape.setGeometry(tristrip);
}
//
// Control the appearance
//
public void setAppearance(Appearance app) {
mainAppearance = app;
if (shape != null)
shape.setAppearance(mainAppearance);
}
//
// Control grid parameters
//
public void setHeights(double[] h) {
if (h == null)
zeroHeights();
else {
heights = new double[h.length];
for (int i = 0; i < h.length; i++)
heights[i] = h[i];
}
rebuild();
}
public double[] getHeights() {
return heights;
}
public void setXDimension(int xDim) {
xDimension = xDim;
rebuild();
}
public int getXDimension() {
return xDimension;
}
public void setZDimension(int zDim) {
zDimension = zDim;
rebuild();
}
public int getZDimension() {
return zDimension;
}
public void setXSpacing(double xSpace) {
xSpacing = xSpace;
rebuild();
}
public double getXSpacing() {
return xSpacing;
}
public void setZSpacing(double zSpace) {
zSpacing = zSpace;
rebuild();
}
public double getZSpacing() {
return zSpacing;
}
//
// Provide info on the shape and geometry
//
public Shape3D getShape(int partid) {
return shape;
}
public int getNumTriangles() {
return xDimension * zDimension * 2;
}
public int getNumVertices() {
return xDimension * zDimension;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Primitive#getAppearance(int)
*/
public Appearance getAppearance(int arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
} // //CLASS //GothicColumn - Gothic-style column used in example scenes // //DESCRIPTION //This class builds a Gothic-column architectural column. // //SEE ALSO //? // //AUTHOR //David R. Nadeau / San Diego Supercomputer Center // // class GothicColumn extends Primitive {
//
// Construction Flags
//
public final static int BUILD_TAPERED_CROWN = 0x1;
public final static int BUILD_TOP = 0x2;
public final static int BUILD_BOTTOM = 0x4;
//
// 3D nodes
//
private Appearance mainAppearance = null;
//
// Construct a column
//
public GothicColumn(float height, float radius, Appearance app) {
this(height, radius, 0, app);
}
public GothicColumn(float height, float radius, int flags, Appearance app) {
mainAppearance = app;
// Compute sizes and positions based upon the
// desired main column radius
// Base box
float baseWidth = 2.7f * radius;
float baseDepth = baseWidth;
float baseHeight = 0.75f * radius / 2.0f;
// Base box #2
float base2Width = 0.8f * baseWidth;
float base2Depth = base2Width;
float base2Height = baseHeight / 2.0f;
// Tapered crown
float crownWidth1 = 2.0f * 0.707f * radius;
float crownDepth1 = crownWidth1;
float crownWidth2 = 1.0f * base2Width;
float crownDepth2 = 1.0f * base2Depth;
float crownHeight = 2.0f * baseHeight;
// Box above tapered crown
float crown2Width = 1.1f * base2Width;
float crown2Depth = 1.1f * base2Depth;
float crown2Height = base2Height;
// Final crown box
float crown3Width = 1.1f * baseWidth;
float crown3Depth = 1.1f * baseDepth;
float crown3Height = baseHeight;
// Cylindrical column
// Extend it up and into the tapered crown
float columnHeight = height - baseHeight - base2Height - crown2Height
- crown3Height;
float columnRadius = radius;
float baseY = baseHeight / 2.0f;
float base2Y = baseHeight + base2Height / 2.0f;
float columnY = baseHeight + base2Height + columnHeight / 2.0f;
float crown2Y = baseHeight + base2Height + columnHeight + crown2Height
/ 2.0f;
float crown3Y = baseHeight + base2Height + columnHeight + crown2Height
+ crown3Height / 2.0f;
float crownY = crown2Y - crown2Height / 2.0f - crownHeight / 2.0f;
// Column base box
int fl = BUILD_TOP;
if ((flags & BUILD_BOTTOM) != 0)
fl |= BUILD_BOTTOM;
addBox(baseWidth, baseHeight, baseDepth, baseY, fl);
// Column base box #2 (no bottom)
addBox(base2Width, base2Height, base2Depth, base2Y, BUILD_TOP);
// Main column (no top or bottom)
addCylinder(columnRadius, columnHeight, columnY);
// Column crown tapered box (no top or bottom)
if ((flags & BUILD_TAPERED_CROWN) != 0) {
addBox(crownWidth1, crownHeight, crownDepth1, crownY, crownWidth2,
crownDepth2, 0);
}
// Box above tapered crown (no top)
addBox(crown2Width, crown2Height, crown2Depth, crown2Y, BUILD_BOTTOM);
// Final crown box
fl = BUILD_BOTTOM;
if ((flags & BUILD_TOP) != 0)
fl |= BUILD_TOP;
addBox(crown3Width, crown3Height, crown3Depth, crown3Y, fl);
}
//
// Add an untapered box
//
private void addBox(float width, float height, float depth, float y) {
addBox(width, height, depth, y, width, depth, 0);
}
private void addBox(float width, float height, float depth, float y,
int flags) {
addBox(width, height, depth, y, width, depth, flags);
}
private void addBox(float width, float height, float depth, float y,
float width2, float depth2) {
addBox(width, height, depth, y, width2, depth2, 0);
}
//
// Add a tapered box
//
private void addBox(float width, float height, float depth, float y,
float width2, float depth2, int flags) {
float[] coordinates = {
// around the bottom
-width / 2.0f, -height / 2.0f, depth / 2.0f, width / 2.0f,
-height / 2.0f, depth / 2.0f, width / 2.0f, -height / 2.0f,
-depth / 2.0f, -width / 2.0f, -height / 2.0f, -depth / 2.0f,
// around the top
-width2 / 2.0f, height / 2.0f, depth2 / 2.0f, width2 / 2.0f,
height / 2.0f, depth2 / 2.0f, width2 / 2.0f, height / 2.0f,
-depth2 / 2.0f, -width2 / 2.0f, height / 2.0f, -depth2 / 2.0f, };
int[] fullCoordinateIndexes = { 0, 1, 5, 4, // front
1, 2, 6, 5, // right
2, 3, 7, 6, // back
3, 0, 4, 7, // left
4, 5, 6, 7, // top
3, 2, 1, 0, // bottom
};
float v = -(width2 - width) / height;
float[] normals = { 0.0f, v, 1.0f, // front
1.0f, v, 0.0f, // right
0.0f, v, -1.0f, // back
-1.0f, v, 0.0f, // left
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // top
0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom
};
int[] fullNormalIndexes = { 0, 0, 0, 0, // front
1, 1, 1, 1, // right
2, 2, 2, 2, // back
3, 3, 3, 3, // left
4, 4, 4, 4, // top
5, 5, 5, 5, // bottom
};
float[] textureCoordinates = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, };
int[] fullTextureCoordinateIndexes = { 0, 1, 2, 3, // front
0, 1, 2, 3, // right
0, 1, 2, 3, // back
0, 1, 2, 3, // left
0, 1, 2, 3, // top
0, 1, 2, 3, // bottom
};
// Select indexes needed
int[] coordinateIndexes;
int[] normalIndexes;
int[] textureCoordinateIndexes;
if (flags == 0) {
// build neither top or bottom
coordinateIndexes = new int[4 * 4];
textureCoordinateIndexes = new int[4 * 4];
normalIndexes = new int[4 * 4];
for (int i = 0; i < 4 * 4; i++) {
coordinateIndexes[i] = fullCoordinateIndexes[i];
textureCoordinateIndexes[i] = fullTextureCoordinateIndexes[i];
normalIndexes[i] = fullNormalIndexes[i];
}
} else if ((flags & (BUILD_TOP | BUILD_BOTTOM)) == (BUILD_TOP | BUILD_BOTTOM)) {
// build top and bottom
coordinateIndexes = fullCoordinateIndexes;
textureCoordinateIndexes = fullTextureCoordinateIndexes;
normalIndexes = fullNormalIndexes;
} else if ((flags & BUILD_TOP) != 0) {
// build top but not bottom
coordinateIndexes = new int[5 * 4];
textureCoordinateIndexes = new int[5 * 4];
normalIndexes = new int[5 * 4];
for (int i = 0; i < 5 * 4; i++) {
coordinateIndexes[i] = fullCoordinateIndexes[i];
textureCoordinateIndexes[i] = fullTextureCoordinateIndexes[i];
normalIndexes[i] = fullNormalIndexes[i];
}
} else {
// build bottom but not top
coordinateIndexes = new int[5 * 4];
textureCoordinateIndexes = new int[5 * 4];
normalIndexes = new int[5 * 4];
for (int i = 0; i < 4 * 4; i++) {
coordinateIndexes[i] = fullCoordinateIndexes[i];
textureCoordinateIndexes[i] = fullTextureCoordinateIndexes[i];
normalIndexes[i] = fullNormalIndexes[i];
}
for (int i = 5 * 4; i < 6 * 4; i++) {
coordinateIndexes[i - 4] = fullCoordinateIndexes[i];
textureCoordinateIndexes[i - 4] = fullTextureCoordinateIndexes[i];
normalIndexes[i - 4] = fullNormalIndexes[i];
}
}
IndexedQuadArray quads = new IndexedQuadArray(coordinates.length, // number
// of
// vertexes
GeometryArray.COORDINATES | // vertex coordinates given
GeometryArray.NORMALS | // normals given
GeometryArray.TEXTURE_COORDINATE_2, // texture
// coordinates given
coordinateIndexes.length); // number of coordinate indexes
quads.setCoordinates(0, coordinates);
quads.setCoordinateIndices(0, coordinateIndexes);
quads.setNormals(0, normals);
quads.setNormalIndices(0, normalIndexes);
quads.setTextureCoordinates(0, textureCoordinates);
quads.setTextureCoordinateIndices(0, textureCoordinateIndexes);
Shape3D box = new Shape3D(quads, mainAppearance);
Vector3f trans = new Vector3f(0.0f, y, 0.0f);
Transform3D tr = new Transform3D();
tr.set(trans); // translate
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup(tr);
tg.addChild(box);
addChild(tg);
}
private final static int NSTEPS = 16;
private void addCylinder(float radius, float height, float y) {
//
// Compute coordinates, normals, and texture coordinates
// around the top and bottom of a cylinder
//
float[] coordinates = new float[NSTEPS * 2 * 3]; // xyz
float[] normals = new float[NSTEPS * 2 * 3]; // xyz vector
float[] textureCoordinates = new float[NSTEPS * 2 * 2]; // st
float angle = 0.0f;
float deltaAngle = 2.0f * (float) Math.PI / ((float) NSTEPS - 1);
float s = 0.0f;
float deltaS = 1.0f / ((float) NSTEPS - 1);
int n = 0;
int tn = 0;
float h2 = height / 2.0f;
for (int i = 0; i < NSTEPS; i++) {
// bottom
normals[n + 0] = (float) Math.cos(angle);
normals[n + 1] = 0.0f;
normals[n + 2] = -(float) Math.sin(angle);
coordinates[n + 0] = radius * normals[n + 0];
coordinates[n + 1] = -h2;
coordinates[n + 2] = radius * normals[n + 2];
textureCoordinates[tn + 0] = s;
textureCoordinates[tn + 1] = 0.0f;
n += 3;
tn += 2;
// top
normals[n + 0] = normals[n - 3];
normals[n + 1] = 0.0f;
normals[n + 2] = normals[n - 1];
coordinates[n + 0] = coordinates[n - 3];
coordinates[n + 1] = h2;
coordinates[n + 2] = coordinates[n - 1];
textureCoordinates[tn + 0] = s;
textureCoordinates[tn + 1] = 1.0f;
n += 3;
tn += 2;
angle += deltaAngle;
s += deltaS;
}
//
// Compute coordinate indexes, normal indexes, and texture
// coordinate indexes awround the sides of a cylinder.
// For this application, we don"t need top or bottom, so
// skip them.
//
int[] indexes = new int[NSTEPS * 4];
n = 0;
int p = 0; // panel count
for (int i = 0; i < NSTEPS - 1; i++) {
indexes[n + 0] = p; // bottom left
indexes[n + 1] = p + 2; // bottom right (next panel)
indexes[n + 2] = p + 3; // top right (next panel)
indexes[n + 3] = p + 1; // top left
n += 4;
p += 2;
}
indexes[n + 0] = p; // bottom left
indexes[n + 1] = 0; // bottom right (next panel)
indexes[n + 2] = 1; // top right (next panel)
indexes[n + 3] = p + 1; // top left
IndexedQuadArray quads = new IndexedQuadArray(coordinates.length / 3, // number
// of
// vertexes
GeometryArray.COORDINATES | // format
GeometryArray.NORMALS
| GeometryArray.TEXTURE_COORDINATE_2, indexes.length); // number
// of
// indexes
quads.setCoordinates(0, coordinates);
quads.setTextureCoordinates(0, textureCoordinates);
quads.setNormals(0, normals);
quads.setCoordinateIndices(0, indexes);
quads.setTextureCoordinateIndices(0, indexes);
quads.setNormalIndices(0, indexes);
Shape3D shape = new Shape3D(quads, mainAppearance);
Vector3f trans = new Vector3f(0.0f, y, 0.0f);
Transform3D tr = new Transform3D();
tr.set(trans); // translate
TransformGroup tg = new TransformGroup(tr);
tg.addChild(shape);
addChild(tg);
}
//
// Control the appearance
//
public void setAppearance(Appearance app) {
mainAppearance = app;
}
//
// Provide info on the shape and geometry
//
public Shape3D getShape(int partid) {
return null;
}
public int getNumTriangles() {
return 0;
}
public int getNumVertices() {
return 2;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Primitive#getAppearance(int)
*/
public Appearance getAppearance(int arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
} /**
* The Example class is a base class extended by example applications. The class * provides basic features to create a top-level frame, add a menubar and * Canvas3D, build the universe, set up "examine" and "walk" style navigation * behaviors, and provide hooks so that subclasses can add 3D content to the * example"s universe.*
* Using this Example class simplifies the construction of example applications, * enabling the author to focus upon 3D content and not the busywork of creating * windows, menus, and universes. * * @version 1.0, 98/04/16 * @author David R. Nadeau, San Diego Supercomputer Center */ class Java3DFrame extends Applet implements WindowListener, ActionListener, ItemListener, CheckboxMenuListener { // Navigation types public final static int Walk = 0; public final static int Examine = 1; // Should the scene be compiled? private boolean shouldCompile = true; // GUI objects for our subclasses protected Java3DFrame example = null; protected Frame exampleFrame = null; protected MenuBar exampleMenuBar = null; protected Canvas3D exampleCanvas = null; protected TransformGroup exampleViewTransform = null; protected TransformGroup exampleSceneTransform = null; protected boolean debug = false; // Private GUI objects and state private boolean headlightOnOff = true; private int navigationType = Examine; private CheckboxMenuItem headlightMenuItem = null; private CheckboxMenuItem walkMenuItem = null; private CheckboxMenuItem examineMenuItem = null; private DirectionalLight headlight = null; private ExamineViewerBehavior examineBehavior = null; private WalkViewerBehavior walkBehavior = null; //-------------------------------------------------------------- // ADMINISTRATION //-------------------------------------------------------------- /** * The main program entry point when invoked as an application. Each example * application that extends this class must define their own main. * * @param args * a String array of command-line arguments */ public static void main(String[] args) { Java3DFrame ex = new Java3DFrame(); ex.initialize(args); ex.buildUniverse(); ex.showFrame(); } /** * Constructs a new Example object. * * @return a new Example that draws no 3D content */ public Java3DFrame() { // Do nothing } /** * Initializes the application when invoked as an applet. */ public void init() { // Collect properties into String array String[] args = new String[2]; // NOTE: to be done still... this.initialize(args); this.buildUniverse(); this.showFrame(); // NOTE: add something to the browser page? } /** * Initializes the Example by parsing command-line arguments, building an * AWT Frame, constructing a menubar, and creating the 3D canvas. * * @param args * a String array of command-line arguments */ protected void initialize(String[] args) { example = this; // Parse incoming arguments parseArgs(args); // Build the frame if (debug) System.err.println("Building GUI..."); exampleFrame = new Frame(); exampleFrame.setSize(640, 480); exampleFrame.setTitle("Java 3D Example"); exampleFrame.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); // Set up a close behavior exampleFrame.addWindowListener(this); // Create a canvas exampleCanvas = new Canvas3D(null); exampleCanvas.setSize(630, 460); exampleFrame.add("Center", exampleCanvas); // Build the menubar exampleMenuBar = this.buildMenuBar(); exampleFrame.setMenuBar(exampleMenuBar); // Pack exampleFrame.pack(); exampleFrame.validate(); // exampleFrame.setVisible( true ); } /** * Parses incoming command-line arguments. Applications that subclass this * class may override this method to support their own command-line * arguments. * * @param args * a String array of command-line arguments */ protected void parseArgs(String[] args) { for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { if (args[i].equals("-d")) debug = true; } } //-------------------------------------------------------------- // SCENE CONTENT //-------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Builds the 3D universe by constructing a virtual universe (via * SimpleUniverse), a view platform (via SimpleUniverse), and a view (via * SimpleUniverse). A headlight is added and a set of behaviors initialized * to handle navigation types. */ protected void buildUniverse() { // // Create a SimpleUniverse object, which builds: // // - a Locale using the given hi-res coordinate origin // // - a ViewingPlatform which in turn builds: // - a MultiTransformGroup with which to move the // the ViewPlatform about // // - a ViewPlatform to hold the view // // - a BranchGroup to hold avatar geometry (if any) // // - a BranchGroup to hold view platform // geometry (if any) // // - a Viewer which in turn builds: // - a PhysicalBody which characterizes the user"s // viewing preferences and abilities // // - a PhysicalEnvironment which characterizes the // user"s rendering hardware and software // // - a JavaSoundMixer which initializes sound // support within the 3D environment // // - a View which renders the scene into a Canvas3D // // All of these actions could be done explicitly, but // using the SimpleUniverse utilities simplifies the code. // if (debug) System.err.println("Building scene graph..."); SimpleUniverse universe = new SimpleUniverse(null, // Hi-res coordinate // for the origin - // use default 1, // Number of transforms in MultiTransformGroup exampleCanvas, // Canvas3D into which to draw null); // URL for user configuration file - use defaults // // Get the viewer and create an audio device so that // sound will be enabled in this content. // Viewer viewer = universe.getViewer(); viewer.createAudioDevice(); // // Get the viewing platform created by SimpleUniverse. // From that platform, get the inner-most TransformGroup // in the MultiTransformGroup. That inner-most group // contains the ViewPlatform. It is this inner-most // TransformGroup we need in order to: // // - add a "headlight" that always aims forward from // the viewer // // - change the viewing direction in a "walk" style // // The inner-most TransformGroup"s transform will be // changed by the walk behavior (when enabled). // ViewingPlatform viewingPlatform = universe.getViewingPlatform(); exampleViewTransform = viewingPlatform.getViewPlatformTransform(); // // Create a "headlight" as a forward-facing directional light. // Set the light"s bounds to huge. Since we want the light // on the viewer"s "head", we need the light within the // TransformGroup containing the ViewPlatform. The // ViewingPlatform class creates a handy hook to do this // called "platform geometry". The PlatformGeometry class is // subclassed off of BranchGroup, and is intended to contain // a description of the 3D platform itself... PLUS a headlight! // So, to add the headlight, create a new PlatformGeometry group, // add the light to it, then add that platform geometry to the // ViewingPlatform. // BoundingSphere allBounds = new BoundingSphere( new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100000.0); PlatformGeometry pg = new PlatformGeometry(); headlight = new DirectionalLight(); headlight.setColor(White); headlight.setDirection(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f)); headlight.setInfluencingBounds(allBounds); headlight.setCapability(Light.ALLOW_STATE_WRITE); pg.addChild(headlight); viewingPlatform.setPlatformGeometry(pg); // // Create the 3D content BranchGroup, containing: // // - a TransformGroup who"s transform the examine behavior // will change (when enabled). // // - 3D geometry to view // // Build the scene root BranchGroup sceneRoot = new BranchGroup(); // Build a transform that we can modify exampleSceneTransform = new TransformGroup(); exampleSceneTransform .setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ); exampleSceneTransform .setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); exampleSceneTransform.setCapability(Group.ALLOW_CHILDREN_EXTEND); // // Build the scene, add it to the transform, and add // the transform to the scene root // if (debug) System.err.println(" scene..."); Group scene = this.buildScene(); exampleSceneTransform.addChild(scene); sceneRoot.addChild(exampleSceneTransform); // // Create a pair of behaviors to implement two navigation // types: // // - "examine": a style where mouse drags rotate about // the scene"s origin as if it is an object under // examination. This is similar to the "Examine" // navigation type used by VRML browsers. // // - "walk": a style where mouse drags rotate about // the viewer"s center as if the viewer is turning // about to look at a scene they are in. This is // similar to the "Walk" navigation type used by // VRML browsers. // // Aim the examine behavior at the scene"s TransformGroup // and add the behavior to the scene root. // // Aim the walk behavior at the viewing platform"s // TransformGroup and add the behavior to the scene root. // // Enable one (and only one!) of the two behaviors // depending upon the current navigation type. // examineBehavior = new ExamineViewerBehavior(exampleSceneTransform, // Transform // gorup // to // modify exampleFrame); // Parent frame for cusor changes examineBehavior.setSchedulingBounds(allBounds); sceneRoot.addChild(examineBehavior); walkBehavior = new WalkViewerBehavior(exampleViewTransform, // Transform // group to // modify exampleFrame); // Parent frame for cusor changes walkBehavior.setSchedulingBounds(allBounds); sceneRoot.addChild(walkBehavior); if (navigationType == Walk) { examineBehavior.setEnable(false); walkBehavior.setEnable(true); } else { examineBehavior.setEnable(true); walkBehavior.setEnable(false); } // // Compile the scene branch group and add it to the // SimpleUniverse. // if (shouldCompile) sceneRoot.rupile(); universe.addBranchGraph(sceneRoot); reset(); } /** * Builds the scene. Example application subclasses should replace this * method with their own method to build 3D content. * * @return a Group containing 3D content to display */ public Group buildScene() { // Build the scene group containing nothing Group scene = new Group(); return scene; } //-------------------------------------------------------------- // SET/GET METHODS //-------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Sets the headlight on/off state. The headlight faces forward in the * direction the viewer is facing. Example applications that add their own * lights will typically turn the headlight off. A standard menu item * enables the headlight to be turned on and off via user control. * * @param onOff * a boolean turning the light on (true) or off (false) */ public void setHeadlightEnable(boolean onOff) { headlightOnOff = onOff; if (headlight != null) headlight.setEnable(headlightOnOff); if (headlightMenuItem != null) headlightMenuItem.setState(headlightOnOff); } /** * Gets the headlight on/off state. * * @return a boolean indicating if the headlight is on or off */ public boolean getHeadlightEnable() { return headlightOnOff; } /** * Sets the navigation type to be either Examine or Walk. The Examine * navigation type sets up behaviors that use mouse drags to rotate and * translate scene content as if it is an object held at arm"s length and * under examination. The Walk navigation type uses mouse drags to rotate * and translate the viewer as if they are walking through the content. The * Examine type is the default. * * @param nav * either Walk or Examine */ public void setNavigationType(int nav) { if (nav == Walk) { navigationType = Walk; if (walkMenuItem != null) walkMenuItem.setState(true); if (examineMenuItem != null) examineMenuItem.setState(false); if (walkBehavior != null) walkBehavior.setEnable(true); if (examineBehavior != null) examineBehavior.setEnable(false); } else { navigationType = Examine; if (walkMenuItem != null) walkMenuItem.setState(false); if (examineMenuItem != null) examineMenuItem.setState(true); if (walkBehavior != null) walkBehavior.setEnable(false); if (examineBehavior != null) examineBehavior.setEnable(true); } } /** * Gets the current navigation type, returning either Walk or Examine. * * @return either Walk or Examine */ public int getNavigationType() { return navigationType; } /** * Sets whether the scene graph should be compiled or not. Normally this is * always a good idea. For some example applications that use this Example * framework, it is useful to disable compilation - particularly when nodes * and node components will need to be made un-live in order to make * changes. Once compiled, such components can be made un-live, but they are * still unchangable unless appropriate capabilities have been set. * * @param onOff * a boolean turning compilation on (true) or off (false) */ public void setCompilable(boolean onOff) { shouldCompile = onOff; } /** * Gets whether the scene graph will be compiled or not. * * @return a boolean indicating if scene graph compilation is on or off */ public boolean getCompilable() { return shouldCompile; } //These methods will be replaced // Set the view position and direction public void setViewpoint(Point3f position, Vector3f direction) { Transform3D t = new Transform3D(); t.set(new Vector3f(position)); exampleViewTransform.setTransform(t); // how to set direction? } // Reset transforms public void reset() { Transform3D trans = new Transform3D(); exampleSceneTransform.setTransform(trans); trans.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f)); exampleViewTransform.setTransform(trans); setNavigationType(navigationType); } // // Gets the URL (with file: prepended) for the current directory. // This is a terrible hack needed in the Alpha release of Java3D // in order to build a full path URL for loading sounds with // MediaContainer. When MediaContainer is fully implemented, // it should handle relative path names, but not yet. // public String getCurrentDirectory() { // Create a bogus file so that we can query it"s path File dummy = new File("dummy.tmp"); String dummyPath = dummy.getAbsolutePath(); // strip "/dummy.tmp" from end of dummyPath and put into "path" if (dummyPath.endsWith(File.separator + "dummy.tmp")) { int index = dummyPath.lastIndexOf(File.separator + "dummy.tmp"); if (index >= 0) { int pathLength = index + 5; // pre-pend "file:" char[] charPath = new char[pathLength]; dummyPath.getChars(0, index, charPath, 5); String path = new String(charPath, 0, pathLength); path = "file:" + path.substring(5, pathLength); return path + File.separator; } } return dummyPath + File.separator; } //-------------------------------------------------------------- // USER INTERFACE //-------------------------------------------------------------- /** * Builds the example AWT Frame menubar. Standard menus and their options * are added. Applications that subclass this class should build their * menubar additions within their initialize method. * * @return a MenuBar for the AWT Frame */ private MenuBar buildMenuBar() { // Build the menubar MenuBar menuBar = new MenuBar(); // File menu Menu m = new Menu("File"); m.addActionListener(this); m.add("Exit"); menuBar.add(m); // View menu m = new Menu("View"); m.addActionListener(this); m.add("Reset view"); m.addSeparator(); walkMenuItem = new CheckboxMenuItem("Walk"); walkMenuItem.addItemListener(this); m.add(walkMenuItem); examineMenuItem = new CheckboxMenuItem("Examine"); examineMenuItem.addItemListener(this); m.add(examineMenuItem); if (navigationType == Walk) { walkMenuItem.setState(true); examineMenuItem.setState(false); } else { walkMenuItem.setState(false); examineMenuItem.setState(true); } m.addSeparator(); headlightMenuItem = new CheckboxMenuItem("Headlight on/off"); headlightMenuItem.addItemListener(this); headlightMenuItem.setState(headlightOnOff); m.add(headlightMenuItem); menuBar.add(m); return menuBar; } /** * Shows the application"s frame, making it and its menubar, 3D canvas, and * 3D content visible. */ public void showFrame() { exampleFrame.show(); } /** * Quits the application. */ public void quit() { System.exit(0); } /** * Handles menu selections. * * @param event * an ActionEvent indicating what menu action requires handling */ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { String arg = event.getActionCommand(); if (arg.equals("Reset view")) reset(); else if (arg.equals("Exit")) quit(); } /** * Handles checkbox items on a CheckboxMenu. The Example class has none of * its own, but subclasses may have some. * * @param menu * which CheckboxMenu needs action * @param check * which CheckboxMenu item has changed */ public void checkboxChanged(CheckboxMenu menu, int check) { // None for us } /** * Handles on/off checkbox items on a standard menu. * * @param event * an ItemEvent indicating what requires handling */ public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent event) { Object src = event.getSource(); boolean state; if (src == headlightMenuItem) { state = headlightMenuItem.getState(); headlight.setEnable(state); } else if (src == walkMenuItem) setNavigationType(Walk); else if (src == examineMenuItem) setNavigationType(Examine); } /** * Handles a window closing event notifying the application that the user * has chosen to close the application without selecting the "Exit" menu * item. * * @param event * a WindowEvent indicating the window is closing */ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event) { quit(); } public void windowClosed(WindowEvent event) { } public void windowOpened(WindowEvent event) { } public void windowIconified(WindowEvent event) { } public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent event) { } public void windowActivated(WindowEvent event) { } public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent event) { } // Well known colors, positions, and directions public final static Color3f White = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); public final static Color3f Gray = new Color3f(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f); public final static Color3f DarkGray = new Color3f(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f); public final static Color3f Black = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); public final static Color3f Red = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); public final static Color3f DarkRed = new Color3f(0.3f, 0.0f, 0.0f); public final static Color3f Yellow = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); public final static Color3f DarkYellow = new Color3f(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.0f); public final static Color3f Green = new Color3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); public final static Color3f DarkGreen = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.3f, 0.0f); public final static Color3f Cyan = new Color3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); public final static Color3f Blue = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); public final static Color3f DarkBlue = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.3f); public final static Color3f Magenta = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); public final static Vector3f PosX = new Vector3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); public final static Vector3f NegX = new Vector3f(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); public final static Vector3f PosY = new Vector3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); public final static Vector3f NegY = new Vector3f(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); public final static Vector3f PosZ = new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); public final static Vector3f NegZ = new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f); public final static Point3f Origin = new Point3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); public final static Point3f PlusX = new Point3f(0.75f, 0.0f, 0.0f); public final static Point3f MinusX = new Point3f(-0.75f, 0.0f, 0.0f); public final static Point3f PlusY = new Point3f(0.0f, 0.75f, 0.0f); public final static Point3f MinusY = new Point3f(0.0f, -0.75f, 0.0f); public final static Point3f PlusZ = new Point3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.75f); public final static Point3f MinusZ = new Point3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -0.75f); } // //INTERFACE //CheckboxMenuListener - listen for checkbox change events // //DESCRIPTION //The checkboxChanged method is called by users of this class //to notify the listener when a checkbox choice has changed on //a CheckboxMenu class menu. // interface CheckboxMenuListener extends EventListener { public void checkboxChanged(CheckboxMenu menu, int check); } /** * ExamineViewerBehavior * * @version 1.0, 98/04/16 */ /** * Wakeup on mouse button presses, releases, and mouse movements and generate * transforms in an "examination style" that enables the user to rotate, * translation, and zoom an object as if it is held at arm"s length. Such an * examination style is similar to the "Examine" navigation type used by VRML * browsers. * * The behavior maps mouse drags to different transforms depending upon the * mosue button held down: * * Button 1 (left) Horizontal movement --> Y-axis rotation Vertical movement --> * X-axis rotation * * Button 2 (middle) Horizontal movement --> nothing Vertical movement --> * Z-axis translation * * Button 3 (right) Horizontal movement --> X-axis translation Vertical movement * --> Y-axis translation * * To support systems with 2 or 1 mouse buttons, the following alternate * mappings are supported while dragging with any mouse button held down and * zero or more keyboard modifiers held down: * * No modifiers = Button 1 ALT = Button 2 Meta = Button 3 Control = Button 3 * * The behavior automatically modifies a TransformGroup provided to the * constructor. The TransformGroup"s transform can be set at any time by the * application or other behaviors to cause the examine rotation and translation * to be reset. */ // This class is inspired by the MouseBehavior, MouseRotate, // MouseTranslate, and MouseZoom utility behaviors provided with // Java 3D. This class differs from those utilities in that it: // // (a) encapsulates all three behaviors into one in order to // enforce a specific "Examine" symantic // // (b) supports set/get of the rotation and translation factors // that control the speed of movement. // // (c) supports the "Control" modifier as an alternative to the // "Meta" modifier not present on PC, Mac, and most non-Sun // keyboards. This makes button3 behavior usable on PCs, // Macs, and other systems with fewer than 3 mouse buttons. class ExamineViewerBehavior extends ViewerBehavior { // Previous cursor location protected int previousX = 0; protected int previousY = 0; // Saved standard cursor protected Cursor savedCursor = null; /** * Construct an examine behavior that listens to mouse movement and button * presses to generate rotation and translation transforms written into a * transform group given later with the setTransformGroup( ) method. */ public ExamineViewerBehavior() { super(); } /** * Construct an examine behavior that listens to mouse movement and button * presses to generate rotation and translation transforms written into a * transform group given later with the setTransformGroup( ) method. * * @param parent * The AWT Component that contains the area generating mouse * events. */ public ExamineViewerBehavior(Component parent) { super(parent); } /** * Construct an examine behavior that listens to mouse movement and button * presses to generate rotation and translation transforms written into the * given transform group. * * @param transformGroup * The transform group to be modified by the behavior. */ public ExamineViewerBehavior(TransformGroup transformGroup) { super(); subjectTransformGroup = transformGroup; } /** * Construct an examine behavior that listens to mouse movement and button * presses to generate rotation and translation transforms written into the * given transform group. * * @param transformGroup * The transform group to be modified by the behavior. * @param parent * The AWT Component that contains the area generating mouse * events. */ public ExamineViewerBehavior(TransformGroup transformGroup, Component parent) { super(parent); subjectTransformGroup = transformGroup; } /** * Respond to a button1 event (press, release, or drag). * * @param mouseEvent * A MouseEvent to respond to. */ public void onButton1(MouseEvent mev) { if (subjectTransformGroup == null) return; int x = mev.getX(); int y = mev.getY(); if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED) { // Mouse button pressed: record position previousX = x; previousY = y; // Change to a "move" cursor if (parentComponent != null) { savedCursor = parentComponent.getCursor(); parentComponent.setCursor(Cursor .getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.HAND_CURSOR)); } return; } if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED) { // Mouse button released: do nothing // Switch the cursor back if (parentComponent != null) parentComponent.setCursor(savedCursor); return; } // // Mouse moved while button down: create a rotation // // Compute the delta in X and Y from the previous // position. Use the delta to compute rotation // angles with the mapping: // // positive X mouse delta --> positive Y-axis rotation // positive Y mouse delta --> positive X-axis rotation // // where positive X mouse movement is to the right, and // positive Y mouse movement is **down** the screen. // int deltaX = x - previousX; int deltaY = y - previousY; if (deltaX > UNUSUAL_XDELTA || deltaX < -UNUSUAL_XDELTA || deltaY > UNUSUAL_YDELTA || deltaY < -UNUSUAL_YDELTA) { // Deltas are too huge to be believable. Probably a glitch. // Don"t record the new XY location, or do anything. return; } double xRotationAngle = deltaY * XRotationFactor; double yRotationAngle = deltaX * YRotationFactor; // // Build transforms // transform1.rotX(xRotationAngle); transform2.rotY(yRotationAngle); // Get and save the current transform matrix subjectTransformGroup.getTransform(currentTransform); currentTransform.get(matrix); translate.set(matrix.m03, matrix.m13, matrix.m23); // Translate to the origin, rotate, then translate back currentTransform.setTranslation(origin); currentTransform.mul(transform1, currentTransform); currentTransform.mul(transform2, currentTransform); currentTransform.setTranslation(translate); // Update the transform group subjectTransformGroup.setTransform(currentTransform); previousX = x; previousY = y; } /** * Respond to a button2 event (press, release, or drag). * * @param mouseEvent * A MouseEvent to respond to. */ public void onButton2(MouseEvent mev) { if (subjectTransformGroup == null) return; int x = mev.getX(); int y = mev.getY(); if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED) { // Mouse button pressed: record position previousX = x; previousY = y; // Change to a "move" cursor if (parentComponent != null) { savedCursor = parentComponent.getCursor(); parentComponent.setCursor(Cursor .getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.MOVE_CURSOR)); } return; } if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED) { // Mouse button released: do nothing // Switch the cursor back if (parentComponent != null) parentComponent.setCursor(savedCursor); return; } // // Mouse moved while button down: create a translation // // Compute the delta in Y from the previous // position. Use the delta to compute translation // distances with the mapping: // // positive Y mouse delta --> positive Y-axis translation // // where positive X mouse movement is to the right, and // positive Y mouse movement is **down** the screen. // int deltaY = y - previousY; if (deltaY > UNUSUAL_YDELTA || deltaY < -UNUSUAL_YDELTA) { // Deltas are too huge to be believable. Probably a glitch. // Don"t record the new XY location, or do anything. return; } double zTranslationDistance = deltaY * ZTranslationFactor; // // Build transforms // translate.set(0.0, 0.0, zTranslationDistance); transform1.set(translate); // Get and save the current transform subjectTransformGroup.getTransform(currentTransform); // Translate as needed currentTransform.mul(transform1, currentTransform); // Update the transform group subjectTransformGroup.setTransform(currentTransform); previousX = x; previousY = y; } /** * Respond to a button3 event (press, release, or drag). * * @param mouseEvent * A MouseEvent to respond to. */ public void onButton3(MouseEvent mev) { if (subjectTransformGroup == null) return; int x = mev.getX(); int y = mev.getY(); if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED) { // Mouse button pressed: record position previousX = x; previousY = y; // Change to a "move" cursor if (parentComponent != null) { savedCursor = parentComponent.getCursor(); parentComponent.setCursor(Cursor .getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.MOVE_CURSOR)); } return; } if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED) { // Mouse button released: do nothing // Switch the cursor back if (parentComponent != null) parentComponent.setCursor(savedCursor); return; } // // Mouse moved while button down: create a translation // // Compute the delta in X and Y from the previous // position. Use the delta to compute translation // distances with the mapping: // // positive X mouse delta --> positive X-axis translation // positive Y mouse delta --> negative Y-axis translation // // where positive X mouse movement is to the right, and // positive Y mouse movement is **down** the screen. // int deltaX = x - previousX; int deltaY = y - previousY; if (deltaX > UNUSUAL_XDELTA || deltaX < -UNUSUAL_XDELTA || deltaY > UNUSUAL_YDELTA || deltaY < -UNUSUAL_YDELTA) { // Deltas are too huge to be believable. Probably a glitch. // Don"t record the new XY location, or do anything. return; } double xTranslationDistance = deltaX * XTranslationFactor; double yTranslationDistance = -deltaY * YTranslationFactor; // // Build transforms // translate.set(xTranslationDistance, yTranslationDistance, 0.0); transform1.set(translate); // Get and save the current transform subjectTransformGroup.getTransform(currentTransform); // Translate as needed currentTransform.mul(transform1, currentTransform); // Update the transform group subjectTransformGroup.setTransform(currentTransform); previousX = x; previousY = y; } /** * Respond to an elapsed frames event (assuming subclass has set up a wakeup * criterion for it). * * @param time * A WakeupOnElapsedFrames criterion to respond to. */ public void onElapsedFrames(WakeupOnElapsedFrames timeEvent) { // Can"t happen } } /* * * Copyright (c) 1998 David R. Nadeau * */ /** * WalkViewerBehavior is a utility class that creates a "walking style" * navigation symantic. * * The behavior wakes up on mouse button presses, releases, and mouse movements * and generates transforms in a "walk style" that enables the user to walk * through a scene, translating and turning about as if they are within the * scene. Such a walk style is similar to the "Walk" navigation type used by * VRML browsers. * <P> * The behavior maps mouse drags to different transforms depending upon the * mouse button held down: *
-
*
- Button 1 (left) *
- Horizontal movement --> Y-axis rotation
*
- Vertical movement --> Z-axis translation * *
- Button 2 (middle) *
- Horizontal movement --> Y-axis rotation
*
- Vertical movement --> X-axis rotation * *
- Button 3 (right) *
- Horizontal movement --> X-axis translation
*
- Vertical movement --> Y-axis translation *
* * To support systems with 2 or 1 mouse buttons, the following alternate * mappings are supported while dragging with any mouse button held down and * zero or more keyboard modifiers held down:*
-
*
- No modifiers = Button 1 *
- ALT = Button 2 *
- Meta = Button 3 *
- Control = Button 3 *
* The behavior automatically modifies a TransformGroup provided to the * constructor. The TransformGroup"s transform can be set at any time by the * application or other behaviors to cause the walk rotation and translation to * be reset. * <P> * While a mouse button is down, the behavior automatically changes the cursor * in a given parent AWT Component. If no parent Component is given, no cursor * changes are attempted. * * @version 1.0, 98/04/16 * @author David R. Nadeau, San Diego Supercomputer Center */
class WalkViewerBehavior extends ViewerBehavior {
// This class is inspired by the MouseBehavior, MouseRotate,
// MouseTranslate, and MouseZoom utility behaviors provided with
// Java 3D. This class differs from those utilities in that it:
//
// (a) encapsulates all three behaviors into one in order to
// enforce a specific "Walk" symantic
//
// (b) supports set/get of the rotation and translation factors
// that control the speed of movement.
//
// (c) supports the "Control" modifier as an alternative to the
// "Meta" modifier not present on PC, Mac, and most non-Sun
// keyboards. This makes button3 behavior usable on PCs,
// Macs, and other systems with fewer than 3 mouse buttons.
// Previous and initial cursor locations
protected int previousX = 0;
protected int previousY = 0;
protected int initialX = 0;
protected int initialY = 0;
// Deadzone size (delta from initial XY for which no
// translate or rotate action is taken
protected static final int DELTAX_DEADZONE = 10;
protected static final int DELTAY_DEADZONE = 10;
// Keep a set of wakeup criterion for animation-generated
// event types.
protected WakeupCriterion[] mouseAndAnimationEvents = null;
protected WakeupOr mouseAndAnimationCriterion = null;
protected WakeupOr savedMouseCriterion = null;
// Saved standard cursor
protected Cursor savedCursor = null;
/**
* Default Rotation and translation scaling factors for animated movements
* (Button 1 press).
*/
public static final double DEFAULT_YROTATION_ANIMATION_FACTOR = 0.0002;
public static final double DEFAULT_ZTRANSLATION_ANIMATION_FACTOR = 0.01;
protected double YRotationAnimationFactor = DEFAULT_YROTATION_ANIMATION_FACTOR;
protected double ZTranslationAnimationFactor = DEFAULT_ZTRANSLATION_ANIMATION_FACTOR;
/**
* Constructs a new walk behavior that converts mouse actions into rotations
* and translations. Rotations and translations are written into a
* TransformGroup that must be set using the setTransformGroup method. The
* cursor will be changed during mouse actions if the parent frame is set
* using the setParentComponent method.
*
* @return a new WalkViewerBehavior that needs its TransformGroup and parent
* Component set
*/
public WalkViewerBehavior() {
super();
}
/**
* Constructs a new walk behavior that converts mouse actions into rotations
* and translations. Rotations and translations are written into a
* TransformGroup that must be set using the setTransformGroup method. The
* cursor will be changed within the given AWT parent Component during mouse
* drags.
*
* @param parent
* a parent AWT Component within which the cursor will change
* during mouse drags
*
* @return a new WalkViewerBehavior that needs its TransformGroup and parent
* Component set
*/
public WalkViewerBehavior(Component parent) {
super(parent);
}
/**
* Constructs a new walk behavior that converts mouse actions into rotations
* and translations. Rotations and translations are written into the given
* TransformGroup. The cursor will be changed during mouse actions if the
* parent frame is set using the setParentComponent method.
*
* @param transformGroup
* a TransformGroup whos transform is read and written by the
* behavior
*
* @return a new WalkViewerBehavior that needs its TransformGroup and parent
* Component set
*/
public WalkViewerBehavior(TransformGroup transformGroup) {
super();
subjectTransformGroup = transformGroup;
}
/**
* Constructs a new walk behavior that converts mouse actions into rotations
* and translations. Rotations and translations are written into the given
* TransformGroup. The cursor will be changed within the given AWT parent
* Component during mouse drags.
*
* @param transformGroup
* a TransformGroup whos transform is read and written by the
* behavior
*
* @param parent
* a parent AWT Component within which the cursor will change
* during mouse drags
*
* @return a new WalkViewerBehavior that needs its TransformGroup and parent
* Component set
*/
public WalkViewerBehavior(TransformGroup transformGroup, Component parent) {
super(parent);
subjectTransformGroup = transformGroup;
}
/**
* Initializes the behavior.
*/
public void initialize() {
super.initialize();
savedMouseCriterion = mouseCriterion; // from parent class
mouseAndAnimationEvents = new WakeupCriterion[4];
mouseAndAnimationEvents[0] = new WakeupOnAWTEvent(
MouseEvent.MOUSE_DRAGGED);
mouseAndAnimationEvents[1] = new WakeupOnAWTEvent(
MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED);
mouseAndAnimationEvents[2] = new WakeupOnAWTEvent(
MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED);
mouseAndAnimationEvents[3] = new WakeupOnElapsedFrames(0);
mouseAndAnimationCriterion = new WakeupOr(mouseAndAnimationEvents);
// Don"t use the above criterion until a button 1 down event
}
/**
* Sets the Y rotation animation scaling factor for Y-axis rotations. This
* scaling factor is used to control the speed of Y rotation when button 1
* is pressed and dragged.
*
* @param factor
* the double Y rotation scaling factor
*/
public void setYRotationAnimationFactor(double factor) {
YRotationAnimationFactor = factor;
}
/**
* Gets the current Y animation rotation scaling factor for Y-axis
* rotations.
*
* @return the double Y rotation scaling factor
*/
public double getYRotationAnimationFactor() {
return YRotationAnimationFactor;
}
/**
* Sets the Z animation translation scaling factor for Z-axis translations.
* This scaling factor is used to control the speed of Z translation when
* button 1 is pressed and dragged.
*
* @param factor
* the double Z translation scaling factor
*/
public void setZTranslationAnimationFactor(double factor) {
ZTranslationAnimationFactor = factor;
}
/**
* Gets the current Z animation translation scaling factor for Z-axis
* translations.
*
* @return the double Z translation scaling factor
*/
public double getZTranslationAnimationFactor() {
return ZTranslationAnimationFactor;
}
/**
* Responds to an elapsed frames event. Such an event is generated on every
* frame while button 1 is held down. On each call, this method computes new
* Y-axis rotation and Z-axis translation values and writes them to the
* behavior"s TransformGroup. The translation and rotation amounts are
* computed based upon the distance between the current cursor location and
* the cursor location when button 1 was pressed. As this distance
* increases, the translation or rotation amount increases.
*
* @param time
* the WakeupOnElapsedFrames criterion to respond to
*/
public void onElapsedFrames(WakeupOnElapsedFrames timeEvent) {
//
// Time elapsed while button down: create a rotation and
// a translation.
//
// Compute the delta in X and Y from the initial position to
// the previous position. Multiply the delta times a scaling
// factor to compute an offset to add to the current translation
// and rotation. Use the mapping:
//
// positive X mouse delta --> negative Y-axis rotation
// positive Y mouse delta --> positive Z-axis translation
//
// where positive X mouse movement is to the right, and
// positive Y mouse movement is **down** the screen.
//
if (buttonPressed != BUTTON1)
return;
int deltaX = previousX - initialX;
int deltaY = previousY - initialY;
double yRotationAngle = -deltaX * YRotationAnimationFactor;
double zTranslationDistance = deltaY * ZTranslationAnimationFactor;
//
// Build transforms
//
transform1.rotY(yRotationAngle);
translate.set(0.0, 0.0, zTranslationDistance);
// Get and save the current transform matrix
subjectTransformGroup.getTransform(currentTransform);
currentTransform.get(matrix);
// Translate to the origin, rotate, then translate back
currentTransform.setTranslation(origin);
currentTransform.mul(transform1, currentTransform);
// Translate back from the origin by the original translation
// distance, plus the new walk translation... but force walk
// to travel on a plane by ignoring the Y component of a
// transformed translation vector.
currentTransform.transform(translate);
translate.x += matrix.m03; // add in existing X translation
translate.y = matrix.m13; // use Y translation
translate.z += matrix.m23; // add in existing Z translation
currentTransform.setTranslation(translate);
// Update the transform group
subjectTransformGroup.setTransform(currentTransform);
}
/**
* Responds to a button1 event (press, release, or drag). On a press, the
* method adds a wakeup criterion to the behavior"s set, callling for the
* behavior to be awoken on each frame. On a button prelease, this criterion
* is removed from the set.
*
* @param mouseEvent
* the MouseEvent to respond to
*/
public void onButton1(MouseEvent mev) {
if (subjectTransformGroup == null)
return;
int x = mev.getX();
int y = mev.getY();
if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED) {
// Mouse button pressed: record position and change
// the wakeup criterion to include elapsed time wakeups
// so we can animate.
previousX = x;
previousY = y;
initialX = x;
initialY = y;
// Swap criterion... parent class will not reschedule us
mouseCriterion = mouseAndAnimationCriterion;
// Change to a "move" cursor
if (parentComponent != null) {
savedCursor = parentComponent.getCursor();
parentComponent.setCursor(Cursor
.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.HAND_CURSOR));
}
return;
}
if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED) {
// Mouse button released: restore original wakeup
// criterion which only includes mouse activity, not
// elapsed time
mouseCriterion = savedMouseCriterion;
// Switch the cursor back
if (parentComponent != null)
parentComponent.setCursor(savedCursor);
return;
}
previousX = x;
previousY = y;
}
/**
* Responds to a button2 event (press, release, or drag). On a press, the
* method records the initial cursor location. On a drag, the difference
* between the current and previous cursor location provides a delta that
* controls the amount by which to rotate in X and Y.
*
* @param mouseEvent
* the MouseEvent to respond to
*/
public void onButton2(MouseEvent mev) {
if (subjectTransformGroup == null)
return;
int x = mev.getX();
int y = mev.getY();
if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED) {
// Mouse button pressed: record position
previousX = x;
previousY = y;
initialX = x;
initialY = y;
// Change to a "rotate" cursor
if (parentComponent != null) {
savedCursor = parentComponent.getCursor();
parentComponent.setCursor(Cursor
.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.MOVE_CURSOR));
}
return;
}
if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED) {
// Mouse button released: do nothing
// Switch the cursor back
if (parentComponent != null)
parentComponent.setCursor(savedCursor);
return;
}
//
// Mouse moved while button down: create a rotation
//
// Compute the delta in X and Y from the previous
// position. Use the delta to compute rotation
// angles with the mapping:
//
// positive X mouse delta --> negative Y-axis rotation
// positive Y mouse delta --> negative X-axis rotation
//
// where positive X mouse movement is to the right, and
// positive Y mouse movement is **down** the screen.
//
int deltaX = x - previousX;
int deltaY = 0;
if (Math.abs(y - initialY) > DELTAY_DEADZONE) {
// Cursor has moved far enough vertically to consider
// it intentional, so get it"s delta.
deltaY = y - previousY;
}
if (deltaX > UNUSUAL_XDELTA || deltaX < -UNUSUAL_XDELTA
|| deltaY > UNUSUAL_YDELTA || deltaY < -UNUSUAL_YDELTA) {
// Deltas are too huge to be believable. Probably a glitch.
// Don"t record the new XY location, or do anything.
return;
}
double xRotationAngle = -deltaY * XRotationFactor;
double yRotationAngle = -deltaX * YRotationFactor;
//
// Build transforms
//
transform1.rotX(xRotationAngle);
transform2.rotY(yRotationAngle);
// Get and save the current transform matrix
subjectTransformGroup.getTransform(currentTransform);
currentTransform.get(matrix);
translate.set(matrix.m03, matrix.m13, matrix.m23);
// Translate to the origin, rotate, then translate back
currentTransform.setTranslation(origin);
currentTransform.mul(transform2, currentTransform);
currentTransform.mul(transform1);
currentTransform.setTranslation(translate);
// Update the transform group
subjectTransformGroup.setTransform(currentTransform);
previousX = x;
previousY = y;
}
/**
* Responds to a button3 event (press, release, or drag). On a drag, the
* difference between the current and previous cursor location provides a
* delta that controls the amount by which to translate in X and Y.
*
* @param mouseEvent
* the MouseEvent to respond to
*/
public void onButton3(MouseEvent mev) {
if (subjectTransformGroup == null)
return;
int x = mev.getX();
int y = mev.getY();
if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED) {
// Mouse button pressed: record position
previousX = x;
previousY = y;
// Change to a "move" cursor
if (parentComponent != null) {
savedCursor = parentComponent.getCursor();
parentComponent.setCursor(Cursor
.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.MOVE_CURSOR));
}
return;
}
if (mev.getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED) {
// Mouse button released: do nothing
// Switch the cursor back
if (parentComponent != null)
parentComponent.setCursor(savedCursor);
return;
}
//
// Mouse moved while button down: create a translation
//
// Compute the delta in X and Y from the previous
// position. Use the delta to compute translation
// distances with the mapping:
//
// positive X mouse delta --> positive X-axis translation
// positive Y mouse delta --> negative Y-axis translation
//
// where positive X mouse movement is to the right, and
// positive Y mouse movement is **down** the screen.
//
int deltaX = x - previousX;
int deltaY = y - previousY;
if (deltaX > UNUSUAL_XDELTA || deltaX < -UNUSUAL_XDELTA
|| deltaY > UNUSUAL_YDELTA || deltaY < -UNUSUAL_YDELTA) {
// Deltas are too huge to be believable. Probably a glitch.
// Don"t record the new XY location, or do anything.
return;
}
double xTranslationDistance = deltaX * XTranslationFactor;
double yTranslationDistance = -deltaY * YTranslationFactor;
//
// Build transforms
//
translate.set(xTranslationDistance, yTranslationDistance, 0.0);
transform1.set(translate);
// Get and save the current transform
subjectTransformGroup.getTransform(currentTransform);
// Translate as needed
currentTransform.mul(transform1);
// Update the transform group
subjectTransformGroup.setTransform(currentTransform);
previousX = x;
previousY = y;
}
} // //CLASS //CheckboxMenu - build a menu of grouped checkboxes // //DESCRIPTION //The class creates a menu with one or more CheckboxMenuItem"s //and monitors that menu. When a menu checkbox is picked, the //previous one is turned off (in radio-button style). Then, //a given listener"s checkboxChanged method is called, passing it //the menu and the item checked. // class CheckboxMenu extends Menu implements ItemListener {
// State
protected CheckboxMenuItem[] checks = null;
protected int current = 0;
protected CheckboxMenuListener listener = null;
// Construct
public CheckboxMenu(String name, NameValue[] items,
CheckboxMenuListener listen) {
this(name, items, 0, listen);
}
public CheckboxMenu(String name, NameValue[] items, int cur,
CheckboxMenuListener listen) {
super(name);
current = cur;
listener = listen;
if (items == null)
return;
checks = new CheckboxMenuItem[items.length];
for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
checks[i] = new CheckboxMenuItem(items[i].name, false);
checks[i].addItemListener(this);
add(checks[i]);
}
checks[cur].setState(true);
}
// Handle checkbox changed events
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent event) {
Object src = event.getSource();
for (int i = 0; i < checks.length; i++) {
if (src == checks[i]) {
// Update the checkboxes
checks[current].setState(false);
current = i;
checks[current].setState(true);
if (listener != null)
listener.checkboxChanged(this, i);
return;
}
}
}
// Methods to get and set state
public int getCurrent() {
return current;
}
public void setCurrent(int cur) {
if (cur < 0 || cur >= checks.length)
return; // ignore out of range choices
if (checks == null)
return;
checks[current].setState(false);
current = cur;
checks[current].setState(true);
}
public CheckboxMenuItem getSelectedCheckbox() {
if (checks == null)
return null;
return checks[current];
}
public void setSelectedCheckbox(CheckboxMenuItem item) {
if (checks == null)
return;
for (int i = 0; i < checks.length; i++) {
if (item == checks[i]) {
checks[i].setState(false);
current = i;
checks[i].setState(true);
}
}
}
} /**
* ViewerBehavior * * @version 1.0, 98/04/16 */
/**
* Wakeup on mouse button presses, releases, and mouse movements and generate * transforms for a transform group. Classes that extend this class impose * specific symantics, such as "Examine" or "Walk" viewing, similar to the * navigation types used by VRML browsers. * * To support systems with 2 or 1 mouse buttons, the following alternate * mappings are supported while dragging with any mouse button held down and * zero or more keyboard modifiers held down: * * No modifiers = Button 1 ALT = Button 2 Meta = Button 3 Control = Button 3 * * The behavior automatically modifies a TransformGroup provided to the * constructor. The TransformGroup"s transform can be set at any time by the * application or other behaviors to cause the viewer"s rotation and translation * to be reset. */
// This class is inspired by the MouseBehavior, MouseRotate, // MouseTranslate, and MouseZoom utility behaviors provided with // Java 3D. This class differs from those utilities in that it: // // (a) encapsulates all three behaviors into one in order to // enforce a specific viewing symantic // // (b) supports set/get of the rotation and translation factors // that control the speed of movement. // // (c) supports the "Control" modifier as an alternative to the // "Meta" modifier not present on PC, Mac, and most non-Sun // keyboards. This makes button3 behavior usable on PCs, // Macs, and other systems with fewer than 3 mouse buttons. abstract class ViewerBehavior extends Behavior {
// Keep track of the transform group who"s transform we modify
// during mouse motion.
protected TransformGroup subjectTransformGroup = null;
// Keep a set of wakeup criterion for different mouse-generated
// event types.
protected WakeupCriterion[] mouseEvents = null;
protected WakeupOr mouseCriterion = null;
// Track which button was last pressed
protected static final int BUTTONNONE = -1;
protected static final int BUTTON1 = 0;
protected static final int BUTTON2 = 1;
protected static final int BUTTON3 = 2;
protected int buttonPressed = BUTTONNONE;
// Keep a few Transform3Ds for use during event processing. This
// avoids having to allocate new ones on each event.
protected Transform3D currentTransform = new Transform3D();
protected Transform3D transform1 = new Transform3D();
protected Transform3D transform2 = new Transform3D();
protected Matrix4d matrix = new Matrix4d();
protected Vector3d origin = new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
protected Vector3d translate = new Vector3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
// Unusual X and Y delta limits.
protected static final int UNUSUAL_XDELTA = 400;
protected static final int UNUSUAL_YDELTA = 400;
protected Component parentComponent = null;
/**
* Construct a viewer behavior that listens to mouse movement and button
* presses to generate rotation and translation transforms written into a
* transform group given later with the setTransformGroup( ) method.
*/
public ViewerBehavior() {
super();
}
/**
* Construct a viewer behavior that listens to mouse movement and button
* presses to generate rotation and translation transforms written into a
* transform group given later with the setTransformGroup( ) method.
*
* @param parent
* The AWT Component that contains the area generating mouse
* events.
*/
public ViewerBehavior(Component parent) {
super();
parentComponent = parent;
}
/**
* Construct a viewer behavior that listens to mouse movement and button
* presses to generate rotation and translation transforms written into the
* given transform group.
*
* @param transformGroup
* The transform group to be modified by the behavior.
*/
public ViewerBehavior(TransformGroup transformGroup) {
super();
subjectTransformGroup = transformGroup;
}
/**
* Construct a viewer behavior that listens to mouse movement and button
* presses to generate rotation and translation transforms written into the
* given transform group.
*
* @param transformGroup
* The transform group to be modified by the behavior.
* @param parent
* The AWT Component that contains the area generating mouse
* events.
*/
public ViewerBehavior(TransformGroup transformGroup, Component parent) {
super();
subjectTransformGroup = transformGroup;
parentComponent = parent;
}
/**
* Set the transform group modified by the viewer behavior. Setting the
* transform group to null disables the behavior until the transform group
* is again set to an existing group.
*
* @param transformGroup
* The new transform group to be modified by the behavior.
*/
public void setTransformGroup(TransformGroup transformGroup) {
subjectTransformGroup = transformGroup;
}
/**
* Get the transform group modified by the viewer behavior.
*/
public TransformGroup getTransformGroup() {
return subjectTransformGroup;
}
/**
* Sets the parent component who"s cursor will be changed during mouse
* drags. If no component is given is given to the constructor, or set via
* this method, no cursor changes will be done.
*
* @param parent
* the AWT Component, such as a Frame, within which cursor
* changes should take place during mouse drags
*/
public void setParentComponent(Component parent) {
parentComponent = parent;
}
/*
* Gets the parent frame within which the cursor changes during mouse drags.
*
* @return the AWT Component, such as a Frame, within which cursor changes
* should take place during mouse drags. Returns null if no parent is set.
*/
public Component getParentComponent() {
return parentComponent;
}
/**
* Initialize the behavior.
*/
public void initialize() {
// Wakeup when the mouse is dragged or when a mouse button
// is pressed or released.
mouseEvents = new WakeupCriterion[3];
mouseEvents[0] = new WakeupOnAWTEvent(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DRAGGED);
mouseEvents[1] = new WakeupOnAWTEvent(MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED);
mouseEvents[2] = new WakeupOnAWTEvent(MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED);
mouseCriterion = new WakeupOr(mouseEvents);
wakeupOn(mouseCriterion);
}
/**
* Process a new wakeup. Interpret mouse button presses, releases, and mouse
* drags.
*
* @param criteria
* The wakeup criteria causing the behavior wakeup.
*/
public void processStimulus(Enumeration criteria) {
WakeupCriterion wakeup = null;
AWTEvent[] event = null;
int whichButton = BUTTONNONE;
// Process all pending wakeups
while (criteria.hasMoreElements()) {
wakeup = (WakeupCriterion) criteria.nextElement();
if (wakeup instanceof WakeupOnAWTEvent) {
event = ((WakeupOnAWTEvent) wakeup).getAWTEvent();
// Process all pending events
for (int i = 0; i < event.length; i++) {
if (event[i].getID() != MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED
&& event[i].getID() != MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED
&& event[i].getID() != MouseEvent.MOUSE_DRAGGED)
// Ignore uninteresting mouse events
continue;
//
// Regretably, Java event handling (or perhaps
// underlying OS event handling) doesn"t always
// catch button bounces (redundant presses and
// releases), or order events so that the last
// drag event is delivered before a release.
// This means we can get stray events that we
// filter out here.
//
if (event[i].getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED
&& buttonPressed != BUTTONNONE)
// Ignore additional button presses until a release
continue;
if (event[i].getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED
&& buttonPressed == BUTTONNONE)
// Ignore additional button releases until a press
continue;
if (event[i].getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_DRAGGED
&& buttonPressed == BUTTONNONE)
// Ignore drags until a press
continue;
MouseEvent mev = (MouseEvent) event[i];
int modifiers = mev.getModifiers();
//
// Unfortunately, the underlying event handling
// doesn"t do a "grab" operation when a mouse button
// is pressed. This means that once a button is
// pressed, if another mouse button or a keyboard
// modifier key is pressed, the delivered mouse event
// will show that a different button is being held
// down. For instance:
//
// Action Event
// Button 1 press Button 1 press
// Drag with button 1 down Button 1 drag
// ALT press -
// Drag with ALT & button 1 down Button 2 drag
// Button 1 release Button 2 release
//
// The upshot is that we can get a button press
// without a matching release, and the button
// associated with a drag can change mid-drag.
//
// To fix this, we watch for an initial button
// press, and thenceforth consider that button
// to be the one held down, even if additional
// buttons get pressed, and despite what is
// reported in the event. Only when a button is
// released, do we end such a grab.
//
if (buttonPressed == BUTTONNONE) {
// No button is pressed yet, figure out which
// button is down now and how to direct events
if (((modifiers & InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK) != 0)
|| (((modifiers & InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK) != 0) && ((modifiers & InputEvent.CTRL_MASK) == InputEvent.CTRL_MASK))) {
// Button 3 activity (META or CTRL down)
whichButton = BUTTON3;
} else if ((modifiers & InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK) != 0) {
// Button 2 activity (ALT down)
whichButton = BUTTON2;
} else {
// Button 1 activity (no modifiers down)
whichButton = BUTTON1;
}
// If the event is to press a button, then
// record that that button is now down
if (event[i].getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED)
buttonPressed = whichButton;
} else {
// Otherwise a button was pressed earlier and
// hasn"t been released yet. Assign all further
// events to it, even if ALT, META, CTRL, or
// another button has been pressed as well.
whichButton = buttonPressed;
}
// Distribute the event
switch (whichButton) {
case BUTTON1:
onButton1(mev);
break;
case BUTTON2:
onButton2(mev);
break;
case BUTTON3:
onButton3(mev);
break;
default:
break;
}
// If the event is to release a button, then
// record that that button is now up
if (event[i].getID() == MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED)
buttonPressed = BUTTONNONE;
}
continue;
}
if (wakeup instanceof WakeupOnElapsedFrames) {
onElapsedFrames((WakeupOnElapsedFrames) wakeup);
continue;
}
}
// Reschedule us for another wakeup
wakeupOn(mouseCriterion);
}
/**
* Default X and Y rotation factors, and XYZ translation factors.
*/
public static final double DEFAULT_XROTATION_FACTOR = 0.02;
public static final double DEFAULT_YROTATION_FACTOR = 0.005;
public static final double DEFAULT_XTRANSLATION_FACTOR = 0.02;
public static final double DEFAULT_YTRANSLATION_FACTOR = 0.02;
public static final double DEFAULT_ZTRANSLATION_FACTOR = 0.04;
protected double XRotationFactor = DEFAULT_XROTATION_FACTOR;
protected double YRotationFactor = DEFAULT_YROTATION_FACTOR;
protected double XTranslationFactor = DEFAULT_XTRANSLATION_FACTOR;
protected double YTranslationFactor = DEFAULT_YTRANSLATION_FACTOR;
protected double ZTranslationFactor = DEFAULT_ZTRANSLATION_FACTOR;
/**
* Set the X rotation scaling factor for X-axis rotations.
*
* @param factor
* The new scaling factor.
*/
public void setXRotationFactor(double factor) {
XRotationFactor = factor;
}
/**
* Get the current X rotation scaling factor for X-axis rotations.
*/
public double getXRotationFactor() {
return XRotationFactor;
}
/**
* Set the Y rotation scaling factor for Y-axis rotations.
*
* @param factor
* The new scaling factor.
*/
public void setYRotationFactor(double factor) {
YRotationFactor = factor;
}
/**
* Get the current Y rotation scaling factor for Y-axis rotations.
*/
public double getYRotationFactor() {
return YRotationFactor;
}
/**
* Set the X translation scaling factor for X-axis translations.
*
* @param factor
* The new scaling factor.
*/
public void setXTranslationFactor(double factor) {
XTranslationFactor = factor;
}
/**
* Get the current X translation scaling factor for X-axis translations.
*/
public double getXTranslationFactor() {
return XTranslationFactor;
}
/**
* Set the Y translation scaling factor for Y-axis translations.
*
* @param factor
* The new scaling factor.
*/
public void setYTranslationFactor(double factor) {
YTranslationFactor = factor;
}
/**
* Get the current Y translation scaling factor for Y-axis translations.
*/
public double getYTranslationFactor() {
return YTranslationFactor;
}
/**
* Set the Z translation scaling factor for Z-axis translations.
*
* @param factor
* The new scaling factor.
*/
public void setZTranslationFactor(double factor) {
ZTranslationFactor = factor;
}
/**
* Get the current Z translation scaling factor for Z-axis translations.
*/
public double getZTranslationFactor() {
return ZTranslationFactor;
}
/**
* Respond to a button1 event (press, release, or drag).
*
* @param mouseEvent
* A MouseEvent to respond to.
*/
public abstract void onButton1(MouseEvent mouseEvent);
/**
* Respond to a button2 event (press, release, or drag).
*
* @param mouseEvent
* A MouseEvent to respond to.
*/
public abstract void onButton2(MouseEvent mouseEvent);
/**
* Responed to a button3 event (press, release, or drag).
*
* @param mouseEvent
* A MouseEvent to respond to.
*/
public abstract void onButton3(MouseEvent mouseEvent);
/**
* Respond to an elapsed frames event (assuming subclass has set up a wakeup
* criterion for it).
*
* @param time
* A WakeupOnElapsedFrames criterion to respond to.
*/
public abstract void onElapsedFrames(WakeupOnElapsedFrames timeEvent);
} // //CLASS //NameValue - create a handy name-value pair // //DESCRIPTION //It is frequently handy to have one or more name-value pairs //with which to store named colors, named positions, named textures, //and so forth. Several of the examples use this class. // //AUTHOR //David R. Nadeau / San Diego Supercomputer Center // class NameValue {
public String name;
public Object value;
public NameValue(String n, Object v) {
name = n;
value = v;
}
}
</source>
Sound Test
<source lang="java">
/*
* %Z%%M% %I% %E% %U% * * ************************************************************** "Copyright (c) * 2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * * -Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this * list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * -Redistribution in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation * and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * Neither the name of Sun Microsystems, Inc. or the names of contributors may * be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without * specific prior written permission. * * This software is provided "AS IS," without a warranty of any kind. ALL * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY * IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR * NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. SUN AND ITS LICENSORS SHALL NOT BE * LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING * OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES. IN NO EVENT WILL SUN OR ITS * LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT OR DATA, OR FOR DIRECT, * INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER * CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF * OR INABILITY TO USE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF SUN HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY * OF SUCH DAMAGES. * * You acknowledge that Software is not designed,licensed or intended for use in * the design, construction, operation or maintenance of any nuclear facility." * * *************************************************************************** */
import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration; import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.text.NumberFormat; import javax.media.j3d.BackgroundSound; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.MediaContainer; import javax.media.j3d.PointSound; import javax.media.j3d.Sound; import javax.media.j3d.Switch; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.swing.ButtonGroup; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JRadioButton; import javax.vecmath.AxisAngle4f; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Point2f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Point3f; import javax.vecmath.Vector3f; import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.MainFrame; import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.vp.OrbitBehavior; import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.SimpleUniverse; import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.ViewingPlatform; public class SoundBug extends Applet implements ActionListener {
// Scene graph items
SimpleUniverse u;
Switch spheresSwitch;
Switch soundSwitch;
// temp image grabber
boolean isApplication;
Canvas3D canvas;
View view;
// Sound items
String soundNoneString = "No sound";
String soundBackgroundString = "Background";
String soundPointString = "Point";
String soundConeString = "Cone";
String soundBackgroundActionString = "SBackground";
String soundPointActionString = "SPoint";
JRadioButton soundNoneButton;
JRadioButton soundBackgroundButton;
JRadioButton soundPointButton;
JRadioButton soundConeButton;
BackgroundSound soundBackground;
PointSound soundPoint;
static final int SOUND_NONE = Switch.CHILD_NONE;
static final int SOUND_BACKGROUND = 0;
static final int SOUND_POINT = 1;
// Temporaries that are reused
Transform3D tmpTrans = new Transform3D();
Vector3f tmpVector = new Vector3f();
AxisAngle4f tmpAxisAngle = new AxisAngle4f();
// colors
Color3f red = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Color3f black = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Color3f white = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
Color3f grey = new Color3f(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f);
Color3f skyBlue = new Color3f(0.6f, 0.7f, 0.9f);
// geometric constant
Point3f origin = new Point3f();
Vector3f yAxis = new Vector3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
// NumberFormat to print out floats with only two digits
NumberFormat nf;
/*
* Set up the sound switch. The child values are: SOUND_BACKGROUND:
* BackgroundSound SOUND_POINT: PointSound
*/
void setupSounds() {
soundSwitch = new Switch(Switch.CHILD_NONE);
soundSwitch.setWhichChild(Switch.CHILD_NONE);
soundSwitch.setCapability(Switch.ALLOW_SWITCH_WRITE);
// set up the BoundingSphere for all the sounds
BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(), 100.0);
// Set up the sound media container
java.net.URL soundURL = null;
String soundFile = "techno_machine.au";
try {
java.net.URL codeBase = null;
try {
codeBase = getCodeBase();
} catch (Exception ex) {
// got an exception, probably running as an application,
// keep code base null...
}
if (codeBase != null) {
soundURL = new java.net.URL(codeBase.toString() + soundFile);
}
} catch (java.net.MalformedURLException ex) {
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
System.exit(1);
}
if (soundURL == null) { // application, try file URL
try {
soundURL = new java.net.URL("file:./" + soundFile);
} catch (java.net.MalformedURLException ex) {
System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
System.exit(1);
}
}
System.out.println("soundURL = " + soundURL);
MediaContainer soundMC = new MediaContainer(soundURL);
// set up the Background Sound
soundBackground = new BackgroundSound();
soundBackground.setCapability(Sound.ALLOW_ENABLE_WRITE);
soundBackground.setSoundData(soundMC);
soundBackground.setSchedulingBounds(bounds);
soundBackground.setEnable(true);
soundBackground.setLoop(Sound.INFINITE_LOOPS);
soundSwitch.addChild(soundBackground);
// set up the point sound
soundPoint = new PointSound();
soundPoint.setCapability(Sound.ALLOW_ENABLE_WRITE);
soundPoint.setSoundData(soundMC);
soundPoint.setSchedulingBounds(bounds);
soundPoint.setEnable(true);
soundPoint.setLoop(Sound.INFINITE_LOOPS);
soundPoint.setPosition(-5.0f, -5.0f, 0.0f);
Point2f[] distGain = new Point2f[2];
// set the attenuation to linearly decrease volume from max at
// source to 0 at a distance of 5m
distGain[0] = new Point2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
distGain[1] = new Point2f(5.0f, 0.0f);
soundPoint.setDistanceGain(distGain);
soundSwitch.addChild(soundPoint);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String action = e.getActionCommand();
Object source = e.getSource();
if (action == soundNoneString) {
soundSwitch.setWhichChild(SOUND_NONE);
} else if (action == soundBackgroundActionString) {
soundSwitch.setWhichChild(SOUND_BACKGROUND);
} else if (action == soundPointActionString) {
soundSwitch.setWhichChild(SOUND_POINT);
}
}
BranchGroup createSceneGraph() {
// Create the root of the branch graph
BranchGroup objRoot = new BranchGroup();
// Add the primitives to the scene
setupSounds();
objRoot.addChild(soundSwitch);
return objRoot;
}
public SoundBug(boolean isApplication) {
this.isApplication = isApplication;
}
public SoundBug() {
this(false);
}
public void init() {
// set up a NumFormat object to print out float with only 3 fraction
// digits
nf = NumberFormat.getInstance();
nf.setMaximumFractionDigits(3);
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
GraphicsConfiguration config = SimpleUniverse
.getPreferredConfiguration();
canvas = null;
canvas = new Canvas3D(config);
add("Center", canvas);
// Create a simple scene and attach it to the virtual universe
BranchGroup scene = createSceneGraph();
u = new SimpleUniverse(canvas);
// set up sound
u.getViewer().createAudioDevice();
// get the view
view = u.getViewer().getView();
// Get the viewing platform
ViewingPlatform viewingPlatform = u.getViewingPlatform();
// Move the viewing platform back to enclose the -4 -> 4 range
double viewRadius = 4.0; // want to be able to see circle
// of viewRadius size around origin
// get the field of view
double fov = u.getViewer().getView().getFieldOfView();
// calc view distance to make circle view in fov
float viewDistance = (float) (viewRadius / Math.tan(fov / 2.0));
tmpVector.set(0.0f, 0.0f, viewDistance);// setup offset
tmpTrans.set(tmpVector); // set trans to translate
// move the view platform
viewingPlatform.getViewPlatformTransform().setTransform(tmpTrans);
// add an orbit behavior to move the viewing platform
OrbitBehavior orbit = new OrbitBehavior(canvas, OrbitBehavior.STOP_ZOOM);
BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
100.0);
orbit.setSchedulingBounds(bounds);
viewingPlatform.setViewPlatformBehavior(orbit);
u.addBranchGraph(scene);
add("South", soundPanel());
}
JPanel soundPanel() {
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 1));
// create the buttons
soundNoneButton = new JRadioButton(soundNoneString);
soundBackgroundButton = new JRadioButton(soundBackgroundString);
soundPointButton = new JRadioButton(soundPointString);
//soundConeButton = new JRadioButton(soundConeString);
// set up the action commands
soundNoneButton.setActionCommand(soundNoneString);
soundBackgroundButton.setActionCommand(soundBackgroundActionString);
soundPointButton.setActionCommand(soundPointActionString);
//soundConeButton.setActionCommand(soundConeString);
// add the buttons to a group so that only one can be selected
ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
buttonGroup.add(soundNoneButton);
buttonGroup.add(soundBackgroundButton);
buttonGroup.add(soundPointButton);
//buttonGroup.add(soundConeButton);
// register the applet as the listener for the buttons
soundNoneButton.addActionListener(this);
soundBackgroundButton.addActionListener(this);
soundPointButton.addActionListener(this);
// soundConeButton.addActionListener(this);
// add the buttons to the panel
panel.add(soundNoneButton);
panel.add(soundBackgroundButton);
panel.add(soundPointButton);
//panel.add(soundConeButton);
// set the default
soundNoneButton.setSelected(true);
return panel;
}
public void destroy() {
u.removeAllLocales();
}
// The following allows SoundBug to be run as an application
// as well as an applet
//
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MainFrame(new SoundBug(true), 600, 900);
}
}
</source>
This application demonstrates the use of 3D sound
<source lang="java">
/* Essential Java 3D Fast Ian Palmer Publisher: Springer-Verlag ISBN: 1-85233-394-4
- /
import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Button; import java.awt.Frame; import java.awt.Panel; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.media.j3d.AmbientLight; import javax.media.j3d.Appearance; import javax.media.j3d.BackgroundSound; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingLeaf; import javax.media.j3d.BoundingSphere; import javax.media.j3d.BranchGroup; import javax.media.j3d.Canvas3D; import javax.media.j3d.DirectionalLight; import javax.media.j3d.Locale; import javax.media.j3d.Material; import javax.media.j3d.MediaContainer; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalBody; import javax.media.j3d.PhysicalEnvironment; import javax.media.j3d.PointSound; import javax.media.j3d.Transform3D; import javax.media.j3d.TransformGroup; import javax.media.j3d.View; import javax.media.j3d.ViewPlatform; import javax.media.j3d.VirtualUniverse; import javax.vecmath.Color3f; import javax.vecmath.Point2f; import javax.vecmath.Point3d; import javax.vecmath.Point3f; import javax.vecmath.Vector3f; import com.sun.j3d.audioengines.javasound.JavaSoundMixer; import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.keyboard.KeyNavigatorBehavior; import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.Box; /**
* This application demonstrates the use of 3D sound. It loads three sounds: * loop3.wav is an ambient background sound and loop1.wav and loop2.wav are * point sounds. The two point sounds can be switched on and off use AWT * buttons. The user can navigate around the scene using the keyboard. * * @author I.J.Palmer * @version 1.0 */
public class SimpleSounds extends Frame implements ActionListener {
protected Canvas3D myCanvas3D = new Canvas3D(null);
/** The exit button to quit the application */
protected Button exitButton = new Button("Exit");
/** The button to switch on and off the first sound */
protected Button sound1Button = new Button("Sound 1");
/** The button to switch on and off the second sound */
protected Button sound2Button = new Button("Sound 2");
protected BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0,
0.0), 10000.0);
//Create the two point sounds
PointSound sound1 = new PointSound();
PointSound sound2 = new PointSound();
/**
* Build the view branch of the scene graph. In this case a key navigation
* utility object is created and associated with the view transform so that
* the view can be changed via the keyboard.
*
* @return BranchGroup that is the root of the view branch
*/
protected BranchGroup buildViewBranch(Canvas3D c) {
BranchGroup viewBranch = new BranchGroup();
Transform3D viewXfm = new Transform3D();
viewXfm.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 30.0f));
TransformGroup viewXfmGroup = new TransformGroup(viewXfm);
viewXfmGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_READ);
viewXfmGroup.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE);
ViewPlatform myViewPlatform = new ViewPlatform();
BoundingSphere movingBounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0,
0.0), 100.0);
BoundingLeaf boundLeaf = new BoundingLeaf(movingBounds);
PhysicalBody myBody = new PhysicalBody();
PhysicalEnvironment myEnvironment = new PhysicalEnvironment();
viewXfmGroup.addChild(myViewPlatform);
viewBranch.addChild(viewXfmGroup);
View myView = new View();
myView.addCanvas3D(c);
myView.attachViewPlatform(myViewPlatform);
myView.setPhysicalBody(myBody);
myView.setPhysicalEnvironment(myEnvironment);
KeyNavigatorBehavior keyNav = new KeyNavigatorBehavior(viewXfmGroup);
keyNav.setSchedulingBounds(movingBounds);
viewBranch.addChild(keyNav);
//Create a sounds mixer to use our sounds with
//and initialise it
JavaSoundMixer myMixer = new JavaSoundMixer(myEnvironment);
myMixer.initialize();
return viewBranch;
}
/**
* Add some lights to the scene graph
*
* @param b
* BranchGroup that the lights are added to
*/
protected void addLights(BranchGroup b) {
Color3f ambLightColour = new Color3f(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
AmbientLight ambLight = new AmbientLight(ambLightColour);
ambLight.setInfluencingBounds(bounds);
Color3f dirLightColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
Vector3f dirLightDir = new Vector3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
DirectionalLight dirLight = new DirectionalLight(dirLightColour,
dirLightDir);
dirLight.setInfluencingBounds(bounds);
b.addChild(ambLight);
b.addChild(dirLight);
}
/**
* This adds a continuous background sound to the branch group.
*
* @param b
* BranchGroup to add the sound to.
* @param soundFile
* String that is the name of the sound file.
*/
protected void addBackgroundSound(BranchGroup b, String soundFile) {
//Create a media container to load the file
MediaContainer droneContainer = new MediaContainer(soundFile);
//Create the background sound from the media container
BackgroundSound drone = new BackgroundSound(droneContainer, 1.0f);
//Activate the sound
drone.setSchedulingBounds(bounds);
drone.setEnable(true);
//Set the sound to loop forever
drone.setLoop(BackgroundSound.INFINITE_LOOPS);
//Add it to the group
b.addChild(drone);
}
/**
* Add a sound to the transform group. This takes a point sound object and
* loads into it a sounds from a given file. The edge of the sound"s extent
* is also defined in a parameter.
*
* @param tg
* TransformGroup that the sound is to be added to
* @param sound
* PointSound to be used
* @param soundFile
* String that is the name of the sound file to be loaded
* @param edge
* float that represents the sound"s maximum extent
*/
protected void addObjectSound(TransformGroup tg, PointSound sound,
String soundFile, float edge) {
//First we get the current transform so that we can
//position the sound in the same place
Transform3D objXfm = new Transform3D();
Vector3f objPosition = new Vector3f();
tg.getTransform(objXfm);
objXfm.get(objPosition);
//Create the media container to load the sound
MediaContainer soundContainer = new MediaContainer(soundFile);
//Use the loaded data in the sound
sound.setSoundData(soundContainer);
sound.setInitialGain(1.0f);
//Set the position to that of the given transform
sound.setPosition(new Point3f(objPosition));
//Allow use to switch the sound on and off
sound.setCapability(PointSound.ALLOW_ENABLE_READ);
sound.setCapability(PointSound.ALLOW_ENABLE_WRITE);
sound.setSchedulingBounds(bounds);
//Set it off to start with
sound.setEnable(false);
//Set it to loop forever
sound.setLoop(BackgroundSound.INFINITE_LOOPS);
//Use the edge value to set to extent of the sound
Point2f[] attenuation = { new Point2f(0.0f, 1.0f),
new Point2f(edge, 0.1f) };
sound.setDistanceGain(attenuation);
//Add the sound to the transform group
tg.addChild(sound);
}
protected BranchGroup buildContentBranch() {
//Create the appearance
Appearance app = new Appearance();
Color3f ambientColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Color3f emissiveColour = new Color3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
Color3f specularColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
Color3f diffuseColour = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
float shininess = 20.0f;
app.setMaterial(new Material(ambientColour, emissiveColour,
diffuseColour, specularColour, shininess));
//Make the cube
Box myCube = new Box(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, app);
TransformGroup cubeGroup = new TransformGroup();
BranchGroup contentBranch = new BranchGroup();
addLights(contentBranch);
addObjectSound(cubeGroup, sound1, new String("file:./loop1.wav"), 10.0f);
addObjectSound(cubeGroup, sound2, new String("file:./loop2.wav"), 20.0f);
addBackgroundSound(contentBranch, new String("file:./loop3.wav"));
cubeGroup.addChild(myCube);
contentBranch.addChild(cubeGroup);
return contentBranch;
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getSource() == exitButton) {
dispose();
System.exit(0);
} else if (e.getSource() == sound1Button) {
if (sound1.getEnable())
sound1.setEnable(false);
else
sound1.setEnable(true);
} else if (e.getSource() == sound2Button) {
sound2.setEnable(!sound2.getEnable());
}
}
public SimpleSounds() {
VirtualUniverse myUniverse = new VirtualUniverse();
Locale myLocale = new Locale(myUniverse);
// buildUniverse(myCanvas3D);
myLocale.addBranchGraph(buildContentBranch());
myLocale.addBranchGraph(buildViewBranch(myCanvas3D));
setTitle("SimpleSounds");
setSize(400, 400);
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
Panel bottom = new Panel();
bottom.add(sound1Button);
bottom.add(sound2Button);
bottom.add(exitButton);
add(BorderLayout.CENTER, myCanvas3D);
add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, bottom);
exitButton.addActionListener(this);
sound1Button.addActionListener(this);
sound2Button.addActionListener(this);
setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SimpleSounds sw = new SimpleSounds();
}
}
</source>
