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2010-06-01T05:00:44Z

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в 17:44, 31 мая 2010

2010-05-31T17:44:27Z

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== Checking whether the object referenced was of type String ==



<source lang="java">
class Animal {
public Animal(String aType) {
type = aType;
}
public String toString() {
return "This is a " + type;
}
private String type;
}
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] a) {
Animal pet = new Animal("a");
if (pet.getClass() == Animal.class) {
System.out.println("it is an animal!");
}
}
}</source>



<pre class=codeResult>it is an animal!</pre>

== Class declaration with a method that has a parameter ==



<source lang="java">
public class MainClass
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
GradeBook myGradeBook = new GradeBook();
String courseName = "Java ";
myGradeBook.displayMessage( courseName );
}
}
class GradeBook
{
public void displayMessage( String courseName )
{
System.out.printf( "Welcome to the grade book for\n%s!\n",
courseName );
}
}</source>



<pre class=codeResult>Welcome to the grade book for
Java !</pre>

== Class declaration with one method ==



<source lang="java">
public class MainClass
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
GradeBook myGradeBook = new GradeBook();
myGradeBook.displayMessage();
}
}
class GradeBook
{
public void displayMessage()
{
System.out.println( "Welcome to the Grade Book!" );
}
}</source>



<pre class=codeResult>Welcome to the Grade Book!</pre>

== Class that contains a String instance variable and methods to set and get its value ==



<source lang="java">
public class MainClass
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
GradeBook myGradeBook = new GradeBook();
System.out.printf( "Initial course name is: %s\n\n",myGradeBook.getCourseName() );
String theName = "Java";
myGradeBook.setCourseName( theName ); // set the course name
myGradeBook.displayMessage();
}
}
class GradeBook
{
private String courseName; // course name for this GradeBook
// method to set the course name
public void setCourseName( String name )
{
courseName = name; // store the course name
}
// method to retrieve the course name
public String getCourseName()
{
return courseName;
}
// display a welcome message to the GradeBook user
public void displayMessage()
{
System.out.printf( "Welcome to the grade book for\n%s!\n",
getCourseName() );
}
}</source>



<pre class=codeResult>Initial course name is: null
Welcome to the grade book for
Java!</pre>

== Class with a constructor to initialize instance variables ==



<source lang="java">
public class MainClass
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
Account account1 = new Account( 50.00 ); // create Account object
Account account2 = new Account( -7.53 ); // create Account object
System.out.printf( "account1 balance: $%.2f\n", account1.getBalance() );
System.out.printf( "account2 balance: $%.2f\n\n", account2.getBalance() );

double depositAmount; // deposit amount read from user
depositAmount = 10.10;
account1.credit( depositAmount ); // add to account1 balance
System.out.printf( "account1 balance: $%.2f\n", account1.getBalance() );
System.out.printf( "account2 balance: $%.2f\n\n", account2.getBalance() );
depositAmount = 12.12;
account2.credit( depositAmount ); // add to account2 balance
System.out.printf( "account1 balance: $%.2f\n", account1.getBalance() );
System.out.printf( "account2 balance: $%.2f\n", account2.getBalance() );
}
}
class Account
{
private double balance; // instance variable that stores the balance
// constructor
public Account( double initialBalance )
{
if ( initialBalance > 0.0 )
balance = initialBalance;
}
public void credit( double amount )
{
balance = balance + amount;
}
public double getBalance()
{
return balance;
}
}</source>



<pre class=codeResult>account1 balance: $50.00
account2 balance: $0.00
account1 balance: $60.10
account2 balance: $0.00
account1 balance: $60.10
account2 balance: $12.12</pre>

== Creating Objects of a Class ==



<source lang="java">
class Sphere {
double radius; // Radius of a sphere
Sphere() {
}
// Class constructor
Sphere(double theRadius) {
radius = theRadius; // Set the radius
}
}
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] arg){
Sphere sp = new Sphere();

}
}</source>



== Defining Classes: A class has fields and methods ==



<source lang="java">
public class MainClass {
private int aField;
public void aMethod() {
}
}</source>



== Fields ==

<OL><LI>Fields are variables.</LI><LI>They can be primitives or references to objects.</LI></OL>
<p>For example, the Employee class has two fields, age and salary.</p>



<source lang="java">
public class Employee{
int age;
int salary
}</source>



<OL><LI>Field names should follow the camel naming convention.</LI><LI>The initial of each word in the field, except for the first word, is written with a capital letter.</LI><LI>For example: age, maxAge, address, validAddress, numberOfRows.</LI></OL>

== Specifying initial values in a class definition ==



<source lang="java">
class A {
A(int marker) {
System.out.println("Bowl(" + marker + ")");
}
void f(int marker) {
System.out.println("f(" + marker + ")");
}
}
class B {
static A a = new A(1);
B() {
System.out.println("Table()");
staticA.f(1);
}
void f2(int marker) {
System.out.println("f2(" + marker + ")");
}
static A staticA = new A(2);
}
class C {
A a = new A(3);
static A staticA = new A(4);
C() {
System.out.println("Cupboard()");
staticA.f(2);
}
void f3(int marker) {
System.out.println("f3(" + marker + ")");
}
static A staticA2 = new A(5);
}
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
new C();
System.out.println("Creating new Cupboard() in main");
new C();
t2.f2(1);
t3.f3(1);
}
static B t2 = new B();
static C t3 = new C();
}</source>



<pre class=codeResult>Bowl(1)
Bowl(2)
Table()
f(1)
Bowl(4)
Bowl(5)
Bowl(3)
Cupboard()
f(2)
Creating new Cupboard() in main
Bowl(3)
Cupboard()
f(2)
Creating new Cupboard() in main
Bowl(3)
Cupboard()
f(2)
f2(1)
f3(1)</pre>

== What Is a Java Class? ==

<p>Classes are the fundamental building blocks of a Java program. You can define an Employee class as follows:</p>



<source lang="java">
class Employee {
int age;
double salary;
}</source>



<OL><LI>By convention, class names capitalize the initial of each word.</LI><LI>For example: Employee, Boss, DateUtility, PostOffice, RegularRateCalculator.</LI><LI>This type of naming convention is known as Pascal naming convention.</LI><LI>The other convention, the camel naming convention, capitalize the initial of each word, except the first word.</LI><LI>Method and field names use the camel naming convention.</LI></OL>

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Admin: 1 версия

в 17:44, 31 мая 2010